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Monday, May 10, 2021

Poetry

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Poetry-poetry is a patterned form of verbal or written expression of ideas


in concentrated, imaginative, and rhythmical terms. Poetry usually contains


Rhyme and a specific meter, but not necessarily.


Poetry-To me poetry is when you sit down and just begin to write and


Cheap Custom Essays on Poetry


Whatever comes out you write down and it turns into a poem.


Meter-meter is a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables established in a line of poetry.


Foot-a foot is a unit of meter. A metrical foot can have two or three syllables. A foot consists generally of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.


Iambic foot- the iambic foot is a two-syllable foot with the stress on the second syllable. It is the most common foot in English.


"She Walks in Beauty"


By Lord Byron


She walks in beauty, like the night


Of cloudless climes and starry skies;


And all thats best of dark and bright


Meet in her aspect and her eyes


"On Being Brought from Africa to America"


By Phillis Wheatley


Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land,


Taught my benighted soul to understand


That theres a God, that theres a Saviour too


Once I redemption neither sought nor knew.


Some view our sable race with scornful eye,


Their colour is a diabolic die.


Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain,


May be refind, and join th angelic train.


"While You Were Chasing a Hat"


By Lilian Moore


The wind


that whirled


your hat


away


"Friend"


By Jessie Jones


My friend why did you die that way,


I miss you each and every day


"Sunny"


By Jessie Jones


Sunny weather keeps you warm,


Till comes the next big storm


Trochaic foot- the trochaic foot consists of a stressed syllable


Followed by an unstressed syllable.


"Song"


By Sir John Suckling


Why so pale and wan, fond Lover?


Prithee why so pale?


Will, when looking well can't move her,


Looking ill prevail?


Prithee why so pale?


"Infant Innocence"


By A. E. Housman


The Grizzly Bear is huge and wild;


He has devoured an infant child.


The infant child is not aware


It has been eaten by the bear.


"In Memory of W.B. Yeats"


By W. H. Auden


Earth, receive an honoured guest;


William Yeats is laid to rest


Let this Irish vessel lie


Emptied of its poetry.


"People"


By Jessie Jones


The fifty men and women are,


Fifty cats and dogs


"Tiger"


By Jessie Jones


Tiger, tiger bright and bold


In the forests never cold


Anapestic foot-the anapestic foot consists of three syllables with the


Stress on the last symbol.


"IMPEACH"


By Phil Trieb


Will Congress impeach or just censure


Or forget it and simply move on


And claim they have taken the tempture


Of the people, who say its too long


" The MEANING OF IS"


By Phil Trieb


The president knows not what is means


And the intelligence of all he demeans


Such deceitful word games


As he everyone blames


But himself, when he let drop his jeans.


"PLACES"


By Jim Janson


As I gazed across the golden sands.


Overlooking the promised lands.


A ship passed through.


Destination Timbuktu.


Working on deck were all hands.


"TALKING"


By Jessie Jones


One day when I went walking.


I could hear someone mocking,


The poor defenseless fans.


Who were sitting in the stands.


While all they were doing was talking.


"BABY"


By Jessie Jones


There is a pretty new baby


Her name is Haley Jade


I look at her daily.


Dactylic foot- The Dactylic foot contains three syllables with the stress


On the first syllable


"Bees"


By Norman Rowland Gale


You voluble,


Velvety


Vehement fellows


That play on your


Flying and


Musical cellos.


"Authors preface"


By Chilswell


Our generation already is overpast,


And they lov'd legacy, Gerard, hath lain


Coy in my home; as once thy heart was fain


Of shelter, when God's terror held thee fast


In life's wild wood at Beauty and Sorrow aghast;


Thy sainted sense trammel'd in ghostly pain,


Thy rare ill-broker'd talent in disdain


Yet love of Christ will win man's love at last.


"Charge of the Light Brigade"


By Billy Tennyson


Half a league, | half a league,


Half a league | onward,


All in the | valley of Death


Rode the six | hundred....


Cannon to | right of them,


Cannon to | left of them


Cannon in | front of them


Volleyed and | thundered


"Madison"


By Jessie Jones


Madison is soo pretty


And she has big feet


She cries a lot


But she is soo sweet


"McDonalds"


By Jessie Jones


McDonalds is very fun


You can eat in the sun


Have a burger with a regular bun


But make sure its done.


Spondaic foot- the spondaic foot consists of two unstressed


Syllables.


Pyrrhic foot- the pyrrhic foot consists of two unstressed syllables.


Monometer-one foot line in a poem


"Upon His Departure"


By Robert Herrick


Thus I


Pass by


And die.


"fleas"


By Unknown


Adam


Had'em


"Bondago 1"


By Unknown


This far I came.


This much I did.


Good.


"Summer"


By Jessie Jones


Summers


Blend their


Colors


Rarely.


"Spring"


By Jessie Jones


When the dark


Of a spring


Interrupts,


There is one


Who will serve.


Dimeter- two foot line


"Money"


By Richard Armour


Workers earn it,


Spend thrifts burn it,


Bankers lend it,


Women spend it,


Forgers fake it,


Taxes take it,


Dying leave it,


Heirs receive it,


Thrifty save it,


Misers crave it,


Robbers sieze it,


Rich increase it,


Gamblers lose it…


I could use it.


"Resume"


By Dorthy Parker


Razors pain you;


Rivers are damp;


Acids stain you;


And drugs cause cramp.


Guns arent lawful;


Nooses give;


Gas smells awful;


You might as well live.


"The Charge of the Light Brigade"


By Alfred Lord Tennyson


Cannon to right of them,


Cannon to left of them,


Cannon in front of them


Volleyd and thunderd;


Stormd at with shot and shell,


Boldly they rode and well,


Into the jaws of Death,


Into the mouth of Hell


Rode the six hundred.


"I want"


By Jessie Jones


I wanna eat,


I wanna sing,


I wanna smile,


I wanna dig,


I wanna walk,


I wanna run,


I wanna do everything!


"Color"


By Jessie Jones


Plants are green,


Paper is white,


Water is clear,


Or water is brown.


Trimeter- three-foot line


"The idle life I lead"


By Robert Bridges


The idle life I lead


Is like a pleasant sleep,


Wherein I rest and heed


The dreams that by me sweep.


"The Conqueror Worm"


By Edgar Allan Poe


Lo! tis a gala night


ʏWithin the lonesome latter years!


An angel throng, bewinged, bedight


ʏIn veils, and drowned in tears,


Sit in a theatre, to see


"The haunted palace"


By Edgar Allen Poe


In the greenest of our valleys


ʏBy good angels tenanted,


Once a fair and stately palace


ʏSnow-white palace reared its head.


In the monarch thoughts dominion


ʏIt stood there!


Never Seraph spread his pinion


ʏOver fabric half so fair.


Eldorado


By Edgar Allan Poe


Gaily bedight,


A gallant knight,


In sunshine and in shadow,


Had journeyed long,


Singing a song,


In search of Eldorado.


Tamerlane


By Edgar Allan Poe


Kind solace in a dying hour!


Such, father, is not (now) my theme-


I will not madly deem that power


Tetrameter- four-foot line


"Not Quite Fair"


By Henry Leigh


The hills,the meadows,an the lakes,


Enchant not for their ownsweep sakes,


They cannot know, they cannot care


To know what they are thought so fair.


"The haunted palace"


By Edgar Allen Poe


In the greenest of our valleys


ʏBy good angels tenanted,


Once a fair and stately palace


ʏSnow-white palace reared its head.


In the monarch thoughts dominion


ʏIt stood there!


Never Seraph spread his pinion


ʏOver fabric half so fair.


"The Conqueror Worm"


By Edgar Allan Poe


Lo! tis a gala night


ʏWithin the lonesome latter years!


An angel throng, bewinged, bedight


ʏIn veils, and drowned in tears,


Sit in a theatre, to see


Pentameter- five-foot line


"Sonnet number one"


By Shakespeare


From fairest creatures we desire increase,


That thereby beautys rose might never die,


But as the riper should by time decease,


His tender heir might bear his memory


But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,


Feedst thy lights flame with self-substantial fuel,


Making a famine where abundance lies,


Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel


Thou that art now the worlds fresh ornament,


And only herald to the gaudy spring,


Within thine own bud buriest thy content,


And, tender churl, makst waste in niggarding


Pity the world, or else this glutton be,


To eat the worlds due, by the grave and thee.


"Sonnet number two"


By Shakespeare


When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,


And dig deep trenches in thy beautys field,


Thy youths proud livery so gazed on now,


Will be a totterd weed of small worth held


Then being asked, where all thy beauty lies,


Where all the treasure of thy lusty days;


To say, within thine own deep sunken eyes,


Were an all-eating shame, and thriftless praise.


How much more praise deservd thy beautys use,


If thou couldst answer This fair child of mine


Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse,


Proving his beauty by succession thine!


This were to be new made when thou art old,


And see thy blood warm when thou feelst it cold.


"Sonnet number four"


By Shakespeare


Unthrifty loveliness, why dost thou spend


Upon thy self thy beautys legacy?


Natures bequest gives nothing, but doth lend,


And being frank she lends to those are free


Then, beauteous niggard, why dost thou abuse


The bounteous largess given thee to give?


Profitless usurer, why dost thou use


So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live?


For having traffic with thy self alone,


Thou of thy self thy sweet self dost deceive


Then how when nature calls thee to be gone,


What acceptable audit canst thou leave?


Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee,


Which, used, lives th executor to be.


"Sonnet number five"


By Shakespeare


Those hours, that with gentle work did frame


The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell,


Will play the tyrants to the very same


And that unfair which fairly doth excel;


For never-resting time leads summer on


To hideous winter, and confounds him there;


Sap checked with frost, and lusty leaves quite gone,


Beauty oer-snowed and bareness every where


Then were not summers distillation left,


A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,


Beautys effect with beauty were bereft,


Nor it, nor no remembrance what it was


But flowers distilld, though they with winter meet,


Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.


"Sonnet number six"


By Shakespeare


Then let not winters ragged hand deface,


In thee thy summer, ere thou be distilled


Make sweet some vial; treasure thou some place


With beautys treasure ere it be self-killed.


That use is not forbidden usury,


Which happies those that pay the willing loan;


Thats for thy self to breed another thee,


Or ten times happier, be it ten for one;


Ten times thy self were happier than thou art,


If ten of thine ten times refigured thee


Then what could death do if thou shouldst depart,


Leaving thee living in posterity?


Be not self-willed, for thou art much too fair


To be deaths conquest and make worms thine heir.


Hexameter- six-foot line


"Faerie Queene"


By Edmund Spenser


A gentle knight was pricking on the plaine,


Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,


Wherein old dints of deepe woundes did remaine,


The cruell markes of many a bloody fielde;


Yet armes till that time did he never wield


His angry steede did chide his foaming bitt,


As much disdayning to the curbe to yield


Full jolly knight he seemed, and faire did sitt,


As one for knightly jousts and fierce encounters fitt.


Adonais


Bymary shelly


Oh weep for Adonais-he is dead!


Wake, melancholy Mother, wake and weep!


Yet wherefore? Quench within their burning bed


Thy fiery tears, and let thy loud heart keep,


Like his, a mute and uncomplaining sleep;


For he is gone where all things wise and fair


Descend. Oh dream not that the amorous deep


Will yet restore him to the vital air;


Death feeds on his mute voice, and laughs at our despair .


The Lotos-Eaters


By Tennyson


Courage! he said, and pointed toward the land,


This mounting wave will roll us shoreward soon.


In the afternoon they came unto a land


In which it seemed always afternoon.


All round the coast the languid air did swoon


Breathing like one that hath a weary dream.


Full-faced above the valley stood the moon;


And, like a downard smoke, the slender stream


Along the cliff to fall and pause and fall did seem.


"He Stepped"


By Larry Hosken


He stepped from bus, all fuming and exhaust-


Ed; Larry went to the grocers lair.


Too grumpy to watch leftovers defrost,


He bought spaghetti sauce stored in a jar.


Ah fate! To kitchen then did he repair,


But could not twist oen stubborn jar. Now cross,


Wished to fill sucky vacuum seal with air,


He gave the lid a whack! Showed it whos boss.


From the--oops--cracked jar to floor gurgled spattring sauce.


Eve of St. Agnes


By Keats


St Agnes Eve -- Ah, bitter chill it was!


The owl, for all his feathers, was a-cold;


The hare limped trembling through the frozen grass,


And silent was the flock in wooly fold


Numb were the Beadsmans fingers, while he told


His rosary, and while his frosted breath,


Like pious incense from a censer old,


Seemed taking flight for heaven, without a death,


Past the sweet Virgins picture, while his prayer he saith.


Heptameter- seven-foot line


Casey at the Bat


By Earnest Thayer


It looked extremely rocky for the Mudville nine that day.


The score was two to four with but one inning left to play.


"What I Want"


By unknown


Days alone


Are the ones I


Never want to see


I want to spend time with you


Every second of the day, if I could


I would live a life to come with you.


To spend every day within


Your arms.


To feel your love wash over me


Like the falling waves of the ocean.


"Forgive me, Im new"


By Jim Morrison


So stand close by as I wait for death.


Maybe then youll hear me plea.


And you can hear the pain in my last breath.


Mournful cry out to thee.


"Bird"


By Jessie Jones


There was a bird in a tree, it sat lonely looking at me


I looked at it and I cried, can I help you, can you see?


"Clean"


By Jessie Jones


One day my house was exceptionally clean


Only because my mom was being exceptionally mean.


Octameter- eight-foot line


"The Raven"


By Edgar Allan Poe


Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,


Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,


While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,


As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.


Tis some visitor, I muttered, tapping at my chamber door


ʏOnly this, and nothing more.


"March An Ode"


By Algernon Charles Swinburne


Fain, fain would we see but again for an hour what the wind and the sun have dispelled and consumed,


Those full deep swan-soft feathers of snow with whose luminous burden the branches implumed


"A Toccata of Galuppis"


By Robert Browning


Ay, because the seas the street there; and tis arched by... what you call... Shylocks bridge with houses on it, where they kept the carnival I was never out of England--its as if I saw it all.


"Tree"


By Jessie Jones


There was a very pretty flowering pear tree in our very big yard.


It smelled extremely bad, kind of like lard.


"Rose"


By Jessie Jones


There is a real pretty rose in the flower bed it has petals that are different colors


The rose has a long stem that is green and really long roots.


Rhymed verse- rhymed verse consists of verse with end rhyme and usually with a regular meter.


"Bread and Wine"


By Rainer Maria Rilke


Eternity wants in. How and by whom


are rites less solemn told apart from more?


Look in the window, through the darkened store,


at supper in a clearly lit back room


"Buddha"


By Rainer Maria Rilke


As if he listened. Quiet…something far…


We hold our breath, hearing it no longer.


And he is star. And other giant stars,


unseen by us, orbit him out yonder.


"Lady in a Mirror"


By Rainer Maria Rilke


Like someone flavoring a bed-time drink


she lets dissolve into the mirrors pool


her air of weariness and then lets sink


the brilliant smile for which some play the fool.


"Butterfly"


By Jessie Jones


Butterflies are pretty fairies


They are not the least bit scary.


"Bird"


By Jessie Jones


There was a bird in a tree, it sat lonely looking at me


I looked at it and I cried, can I help you, can you see?


Blank verse- blank verses consists of lines of iambic pentameter without end rhyme.


"Invocation"


By John Milton


Of man's first disobedience, and the fruit


Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste


Brought death into the world, and all our woe,


With loss of Eden, till one greater Man


Restore us and regain the blissful seat,


Sing, Heavenly Muse, that, on the secret top


Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire


That shepherd who first taught the chosen seed


In the beginning how the Heavens and Earth


Rose out of Chaos or, if Sion hill


Delight thee more, and Siloa's brook that flowed


Fast by the oracle of God, I thence


Invoke thy aid to my adventurous song,


That with no middle flight intends to soar


Above th' Aonian mount, while it pursues


Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.


"Mending Wall"


By Robert Frost


Something there is that doesn't love a wall.


That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it,


And spills the upper boulders in the sun;


And makes gaps even two can pass abreast.


"Andrea del Sarto"


By Browning


But do not let us quarrel anymore,


No, my Lucrezia; bear with me for once


Sit down and all shall happen as you wish.


You turn your face, but does it bring your heart?


"Hills"


By Jessie Jones


I watch the rolling hills fly by my eyes


They look like rolling waves.


"Dew"


By Jessie Jones


It touched my skin like dew without a trail


I brushed it off like it was garbage.


Free verse- free verse consists of lines that do not have regular meter and do not contain rhyme.


"I am the Great Sun"


By Charles Causley


I am the great sun, but you do not see him,


I am your husband, but you turn away.


I am the captive, but you do not free me,


I am the captain but you will not mop.


"untitled"


ByFlora Launa


Running through a field of clover,


Stop to pick a daffodil


I play he loves me, loves me not,


The daffy lies, it says he does not love me!


Well, what use a daffy


When Jimmy gives me roses?


DV


By Katherine Foreman


The worlds most humble egotist


Spin it around but


Nothing is true or can be, so


Were all wrong but youre not.


Is it false that nothing is true


Or can you be the only one blind enough


To see the unreality of the real?


All your isms, youll never be quite wrong


But if nothing is true


Neither are you


"baby"


By Jessie Jones


While it sleeps, there is peace,


In my heart and head


"Emma"


By Jessie Jones


I wont ask you why youre running and


I wont ask you if you care


Rhyme- rhyme is the similarity or likeness of sound existing between two words.


End rhyme- end rhyme consists of similarity occurring at the end of two or more lines of verse.


"I wish"


By Gellette Burgess


I wish that my room had a floor;


I don't so much care for a door,


But this walking around


Without touching the ground is getting to be quite a bore!


"Lady in a Mirror"


By Rainer Maria Rilke


Like someone flavoring a bed-time drink


she lets dissolve into the mirrors pool


her air of weariness and then lets sink


the brilliant smile for which some play the fool.


Casey at the Bat


By Earnest Thayer


It looked extremely rocky for the Mudville nine that day.


The score was two to four with but one inning left to play.


"Butterfly"


By Jessie Jones


Butterflies are pretty fairies


They are not the least bit scary.


"Bird"


By Jessie Jones


There was a bird in a tree, it sat lonely looking at me


I looked at it and I cried, can I help you, can you see?


Internal Rhyme- internal rhyme consists of the similarity occurring between two or more words in the same line of verse


"The Raven"


By Edgar Allan Poe


Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,


Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,


While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,


As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.


Tis some visitor, I muttered, tapping at my chamber door


ʏOnly this, and nothing more.


"AN ALPHABET OF FAMOUS GOOPS"


By Gelett Burgess


AN ALPHABET OF FAMOUS GOOPS.


Which you ll Regard with Yells and Whoops.


Futile Acumen!


For you Yourselves are Doubtless Dupes


Of Failings Such as Mar these Groups --


We all are Human!


"Mother nature"


By Jessie Jones


I am the daughter of earth and water,


And the nursling of the sky;


I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores;


I change, but I cannot die.


"Letter"


By Jessie Jones


I wrote to my friend, I had to send


Letter that's even better


"love"


By Jessie Jones


The love will rise above


Cause there is a lot of real love


Masculine Rhyme- masculine rhyme occurs when the last two syllables


"Taps"


By Joseph Esenwein


Fading light


Dims the sight,


And the stars gem the sky,


Gleaming bright,


From afar drawing nigh,


Falls the night.


"Sammy Snakes Grandpa"


By Bob Tucker


Sammy gives an admiring stare


At his old grandpa resting there.


And he is proud, for goodness sake,


To have him as his Grandpa Snake.


"Precious Mother"


By Barbara Ritter


Mother left a while ago


Leaving me here so sad and low


Wondering at times if I can go on


Now that my precious mother is gone


"Butterfly"


By Jessie Jones


Butterflies are pretty fairies


They are not the least bit scary.


"McDonalds"


By Jessie Jones


McDonalds is very fun


You can eat in the sun


Have a burger with a regular bun


But make sure its done.


Feminine Rhyme- Feminine rhyme occurs when the last two syllables of a word rhyme with another word.


The Beauty of a Rose


By Jacqueline Sanders


Beautiful, long-stemmed rose,


placed in a marble black vase.


Looking stiff in your straight pose,


with violets and daisies, interlaced.


Swaying softly in a light breeze,


casted from a slightly opened window.


"How are you"


By Arthur Guiterman


Don't tell your friend about your indigestion


"How are you!" is a greeting, not a question.


A (Mite)y Blessing


By Unknown


I think a thought both now and then.


My thought just now, Ill think again.


An unappreciated fact,


bacteria in size have lacked.


"Guns"


By Jessie Jones


Having guns is not lawful


It is also very aweful.


"Arena"


By Jessie Jones


In the arena there is lots of fighting


So there must be great lighting.


Triple Rhyme- triple rhyme occurs when the last three syllables of a word or line rhyme.


"The Hippopotamus"


By Hilaire Belloc


I shoot the Hippopotamus


With bullets made of platinum


Because if I use the leaden ones


His hide is sure to flaten'um


"The Soldiers of our Queen"


By W. S. Gilbert


DRAGOONS


The soldiers of our Queen


Are linked in friendly tether;


Upon the battle scene


They fight the foe together.


"The Game"


By Jessie Jones


In the game we were victorious


Which was quite glorious


"Cave"


By Jessie Jones


In the cave I was quivering


I've never felt so much shivering.


Rhyme Scheme- rhyme scheme is a pattern or sequence in which rhyme occurs.


Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening


By Robert Frost


Whose woods these are I think I know. a


His house is in the village though; a


He will not see me stopping here b


To watch his woods fill up with snow. a


My little horse must think it queer b


To stop without a farmhouse near b


Between the woods and frozen lake c


The darkest evening of the year. b


He gives his harness bells a shake c


To ask if there is some mistake. c


The only other sounds the sweep d


Of easy wind and downy flake. c


The woods are lovely, dark and deep, d


But I have promises to keep, d


And miles to go before I sleep. d


And miles to go before I sleep. d


Alliteration- alliteration is the repetition of the initial letter or sound in two or more words in a line of verse.


"My Madeline"


By Walter Parke


My Madeline! My Madeline!


Mark my melodious midnight moans;


Much may my melting music mean


My modulated monotones.


"A Tutor"


By Carolyn wells


A tutor who tooted the flute


Tried to teach two young tooters to toot;


Said the two to the tutor,


"is it harder to toot, or


To tutor two tooters to toot?


"Pied Beauty"


By Hopkins


Glory to God for dappled things-


For skies of couple-colouras a brinded cow


"Cow"


By Jessie Jones


Many merry milkmaids


Milked Mary moo cow


"Cat"


By Jessie Jones


Furry feline frenzy,


Fat flabby cat


Onomatopoeia- onomatopoeia is the use of words to represent or imitate natural sounds.


"The coming of Arthur"


By Tennyson


Clang battleaxe, and clash brand!


Let the king reign.


"Supper Time"


By Emma Hartnett


Get the cutlery out, clink, clank!


The dog is barking, woof, woof!


The bins falling over, bang, crash!


The sound of eating, munch, crunch!


Spooning in your soup, slurp, slurp!


Somebody has hiccups, hic, hic!


My lemonade fizzing, fizz, fizz!


The cats rubbing my leg, purr, meow!


Suppers over - Burp!


Mind your manners!


"The Farm"


By Brett Sheehan


The cows chewing the grass,


Crunch, crunch!


The pigs rolling in mud,


Squelch, squelch!


A mouse runs across the floorboards,


Squeak, squeak!


The dog rounding in all the sheep,


Woof, woof!


The farmer going to town,


Brum, brum!


Bees collecting honey in the hive,


Buzz, buzz!


And the ducks swimming around the pond,


Quack, quack!


"Bees"


By Jessie Jones


I hate bees


I have there munch munch on flowers


I hate there buzz buzz buzzing


I hate bees


"witch"


By Jessie Jones


Once I went to a witches house


I heard the gurgle of the cauldron and;


Then a hiss…


Assonance- Assonance is the similarity or repetition of a vowel sound in two or more words.


"Ghost House"


By Robert Frost


Oer ruined fences the grape-vines shield


The woods come back to the mowing field;


The orchard tree has grown one copse


Of new wood and old where the woodpecker chops;


The footpath down to the well is healed.


"The Black Cottage"


By Robert Frost


Blown over and over themselves in idleness.


Sand grains should sugar in the natal dew


The babe born to the desert, the sand storm


Retard mid-waste my cowering caravans


"The Silken Tent"


By Robert Frost


She is as in a field a silken tent


At midday when the sunny summer breeze


Has dried the dew and all its ropes relent,


So that in guys it gently sways at ease,


And its supporting central cedar pole,


That is its pinnacle to heavenward


"lake"


By Jessie Jones


At the big lake


There was a small stake


"Army"


By Jessie Jones


At the army base


The love began to fade.


Consonance- consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds within a line f verse.


"Nothing Gold Can Stay"


By Robert Frost


Natures first green is gold,


Her hardest hue to hold.


Her early leafs a flower;


But only so an hour.


Then leaf subsides to leaf.


So Eden sank to grief,


So dawn goes down to day.


Nothing gold can stay.


"Mowing"


By Robert Frost


There was never a sound beside the wood but one,


And that was my long scythe whispering to the ground.


"Looking for a Sunset Bird in Winter"


By Robert Frost


The west was getting out of gold,


The breath of air had died of cold,


When shoeing home across the white,


I thought I saw a bird alight.


"The Vantage Point"


By Robert Frost


If tires of trees I seek again mankind,


Well I know where to hie me--in the dawn,


To a slope where the cattle keep the lawn.


"Blacky"


By Jessie Jones


Blacky is my black doggie


He brings back balls for you.


"Watermelon"


By Jessie Jones


Watermelons are wonderful,


Wacky, wet and..


Sweet!!


Refrain- a refrain is a repetition of one or more phrases or lines at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza.


"The smoking world"


By G. L. Hemminger


Tobacco is a dirty weed


I like it.


It satisfies no normal need


I like it.


"Saint Joan Of Arc"


By Karl Oeyvind


God Gave A Task


Why Me You Ask


What Shall I Do


I Listen To You


God Gave A Task


"Barbara Allen"


By unknown


VERSE 1


In a scarlet town where I was born


There was a fair maid dwellin


Made every youth cry well away


For her name was Bar-bra Allen


VERSE


All in th merry month of May


When green buds they were swellin


Sweet William on his death bed lay


For the love of Bar-bra Allen


"luv'em"


By Jessie Jones


My family is rude, but


I luv'em


My family is boring, but


I luv'em


"Turtle"


By Jessie Jones


My turtle is oliver


He Is an ornate turtle.


My turtle is oliver.


Repetition- repetition is the reiterating of a word or phrase within a poem.


"The Hammers"


By Ralph Hodgson


Noise of hammers once I heard,


Manny hammers, busy hammers.


"Relation"


By Unknown


Moths fly with butterflies


Butterflies fly with moths


Hawk-mocking owl bird harbinger-he


In endless not-circles circle we


So repeats tragedy as comedy


Comedy as tragedy


Yet nonetheless


as endless


Humpty Dumpty


By Mother Goose


Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,


Humpty Dumpty had a great fall;


All the Kings horses and all the Kings men


Couldnt put Humpty together again


"Cookies"


By Jessie Jones


I like cookies


Cookies are good


Cookies make me smile


"Puppy"


By Jessie Jones


I like my puppy


My puppy makes me laugh


My puppy is cute.


Figure of speech- a figure of speech is an expression in which the words are used in a non literal sense to present a figure, picture, or image.


Simile- a simile is a direct or explicit comparison between two usually unrelated things indicating a likeness or similarity between some atribute found in both things. Uses like or as to indicate the comparrison.


"Mending Wall"


By Robert Frost


Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top


In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed.


He moves in darkness as it seems to me,


Not of woods only and the shade of trees.


"Stars"


By Robert Frost


And yet with neither love nor hate,


Those stars like some snow-white


Minerva's snow-white marble eyes


Without the gift of sight.


"BIRCHES"


By Robert Frost


So low for long, they never right themselves


You may see their trunks arching in the woods


Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground


Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair


Before them over their heads to dry in the sun.


"love"


By Jessie Jones


Love is like a straight jacket


You can never get out of it!!


"Comp."


By Jessie Jones


A computer is like a cardboard box


Except with memory


Metaphor- a metaphor is an implied comparison between two usually unrelated things indicating likeness or analogy between them. Does not use like or as to indicate the comparison.


"The Silken Tent"


By Robert Frost


She is as in a field a silken tent


At midday when the sunny summer breeze


Has dried the dew and all its ropes relent,


So that in guys it gently sways at ease,


And its supporting central cedar pole,


That is its pinnacle to heavenward


And signifies the sureness of the soul,


Seems to owe naught to any single cord,


But strictly held by none, is loosely bound


By countless silken ties of love and thought


To everything on earth the compass round,


And only by ones going slightly taut


In the capriciousness of summer air


Is of the slightest bondage made aware


"Putting in the Seed"


By Robert Frost


You come to fetch me from my work to-night


When suppers on the table, and well see


If I can leave off burying the white


Soft petals fallen from the apple tree.


Devotion


By Robert Frost


The heart can think of no devotion


Greater than being shore to the ocean--


Holding the curve of one position,


Counting an endless repetition.


"Test"


By Jessie Jones


The test was so easy


It was peaches and cream.


"sister"


By Jessie Jones


My sister is so messy


She is a pig at the table


Personification- personification is the giving of human characteristics to inanimate objects, ideas, or animals.


"My November Guest"


By Robert Frost


My Sorrow, when shes here with me,


Thinks these dark days of autumn rain


Are beautiful as days can be;


She loves the bare, the withered tree;


She walks the sodden pasture lane.


"Mowing"


By Robert Frost


THERE was never a sound beside the wood but one,


And that was my long scythe whispering to the ground.


"TREE AT MY WINDOW"


By Robert Frost


Vague dream-head lifted out of the ground,


And thing next most diffuse to cloud,


Not all your light tongues talking aloud


Could be profound.


"Cat"


By Jessie Jones


The cat danced


When I gave her her food.


"boy"


By Jessie Jones


When he broke up with me


My heart cried out.


Synecdoche- synecdoche is the technique of mentioning a part of something to represent a hole.


"I Will Sing You One-O"


By Robert Frost


Then cane one knock!


A note unruffled


Of earthly weather,


Though strange and muffled.


The tower said, One!


"The Gift Outright"


By Robert Frost


The land was ours before we were the lands.


She was our land more than a hundred years


Before we were her people.


She was ours


"Fire and Ice"


By Robert Frost


Some say the world will end in fire,


Some say in ice.


From what Ive tasted of desire


I hold with those who favor fire.


But if it had to perish twice,


I think I know enough of hate


To know that for destruction ice


Is also great


And would suffice.


"Sailor"


By Jessie Jones


There was a big sailor he said


All hands on deck!


"A ship"


By Jessie Jones


There were people stranded on a island


All of a sudden they said a sail! A sail!


Metonymy- metonymy is the substitution of a word naming an object for another word closely associated with it.


"Out, Out"


By Robert Frost


He must have given the hand. However it was,


Neither refused the meeting. But the hand!


Half in appeal, but half as if to keep


The life from spilling. Then the boy saw all -


Since he was old enough to know, big boy


Doing a mans work, though a child at heart -


He saw all was spoiled. Dont let him cut my hand off -


The doctor, when he comes. Dont let him, sister!


So. The hand was gone already.


"THE MISTRESS OF VISION"


By Robert Frost


Secret was the garden;


Set i the pathless awe


Where no star its breath can draw.


Life, that is its warden,


Sits behind the fosse of death. Mine eyes saw not,


and I saw.


"CONTEMPLATION"


By Robert Frost


This morning saw I, fled the shower,


The earth reclining in a lull of power


The heavens, pursuing not their path,


Lay stretched out naked after bath,


Or so it seemed; field, water, tree, were still,


Nor was there any purpose on the calm-browed hill.


"king"


By Jessie Jones


The queen said


Pay tribute to t he crown.


"Driving"


By Jessie Jones


The white house has decided


That you cant drive till your 18.


Hyperbole- hyperbole is an exaggeration for the sake of emphasis and is not to be taken literally.


"After Apple-Picking"


By Robert Frost


There were ten thousand thousand fruit to touch,


Cherish in hand, lift down, and not let fall.


"The Dew That on Shallot-leaves Lies"


By John A. Turner


How soon in sunlight dries


The dew that on shallot-leaves lies!


Yet the same dew,


Though now tis dry,


Tomorrow morn will fall anew.


But when shall mortal men,


If once they die,


Ever return again?


"Green Green, River Bank Grasses"


By John A. Turner


Green green, river bank grasses,


thick thick, willows in the garden;


Plump plump, that lady upstairs,


bright bright, before the window;


lovely lovely, her red face-powder;


slim slim, she puts out a white hand.


Once I was a singing-house girl,


now the wife of a wanderer,


a wanderer who never comes home --


Its hard sleeping in an empty bed alone.


"HOT"


By Jessie Jones


Its so hot out here


Im going to sweat to death


If I don't get some water.


"Its broke?!"


By Jessie Jones


I broke my nose,


There was rivers of blood.


Litotes- litotes is an understatement and is achieved by saying the opposite of what one means or by making the affirmation by stating the fact in the negative.


"Door Litotes"


By Sharon Dolin


Not ugly, really, off-white gone grey with pencil


scratches made upon it.


"short"


By Sharon Dolin


Not too short, You grew-some, the father chuckled


chucked her chin each time


"Beautiful"


By Sharon Dolin


No longer a girl's body but a mother's not so sad


to become a door after letting in seed pushing


"Speed"


By Jessie Jones


Hey speedy


You are so slow!


"cake"


By Jessie Jones


Hey "skinny"


Why don't you go eat some more cake!


Antithesis- antithesis is a balancing or contrasting of one term against another.


"Phenomenal Antithesis"


By Pavalamani Pragasam


Long, warm rays the morning sun beams-


The cool, short way to start another day.


Vast dunes of dry sand undulate-


A small play-court for probing, fertile minds.


Hot lava pours out of volcanic mouths-


Cold truths, they are, about death and destruction.


"Money"


By Pavalamani Pragasam


Then came an age of moral power;


In supreme honor did Pandavas tower.


Lord Krishnas scriptures paved us the way


And in personal grandeur Lord Rama did sway


"My Love"


By Pavalamani Pragasam


Nature, my lady love, she is


The morning mist her fond kiss on my cheek,


The gentle breeze her soft whisper in my ear,


In flowery attire she feasts my eyes.


The flitting butterflies her flirting charms,


Her eager hands, the sea waves, appear.


Her brooks chatter with fun and laughter,


Her balmy woods caress my soul,


The stars, her eyes, wink with mischief-


An enthralled lover, I lie in bliss in her lap


Apostrophe- apostrophe is the addressing of someone or something usually not present, as though present.


"Something Like a Star"


By Robert Frost


O Star (the fairest one in sight),


We grant your loftiness the right


To some obscurity of cloud --


It will not do to say of night,


Since dark is what brings out your light.


"TREE AT MY WINDOW"


By Robert Frost


Tree at my window, window tree,


My sash is lowered when night comes on;


But let there never be curtain drawn


Between you and me.


"Mending Wall"


By Robert Frost


We have to use a spell to make them balance


"Stay where you are until our backs are turned!"


"friend"


By Jessie Jones


Oh friend, now that you gone,


What am I to do?


"daisy"


By Jessie Jones


Daisy, oh daisy


Why are you so pretty?


Symbol- a symbol is a word or image that signifies something other than what is literally represented


"The Road Not Taken"


By Robert Frost


TWO roads diverged in a yellow wood,


And sorry I could not travel both


And be one traveler, long I stood


And looked down one as far as I could


To where it bent in the undergrowth;


"Rose Pogonias"


By Robert Frost


A saturated meadow,


Sun-shaped and jewel-small,


A circle scarcely wider


Than the trees around were tall;


Where winds were quite excluded,


And the air was stifling sweet


With the breath of many flowers--


A temple of the heat.


"Come In"


By Robert Frost


As I came to the edge of the woods,


Thrush music -- hark!


Now if it was dusk outside,


Inside it was dark.


"flower"


By Jessie Jones


The flower frowns in the drought,


It smiles in the rain.


"dolphin"


By Jessie Jones


Dolphins jump very high


High in the sky.


Stanza- a stanza is a division of a poem based on thought or form. Stanzas are known by the number of lines they contain.


Couplet- a couplet is two lines of verse that rhyme a~a.


"Decorator Hermit Crab"


By Vanessa Pike-Russell


There was a little hermit crab


Who thought his tank was rather drab.


Morning Swim


By Maxine Kumin


I set out, oily and nude


through mist in oily solitude


On a Sea-Storm Nigh the Coast


By Richard Steere


The weighty seas are rowled from the deeps


In mighty heaps,


And from the rocks foundations do arise


To kiss the skies.


"dolphin"


By Jessie Jones


Dolphins jump very high


High in the sky.


"Cave"


By Jessie Jones


In the cave I was quivering


I've never felt so much shivering.


Triplet- the triplet or tercet is a three line stanza or is three lines of verse within a larger unit that usually rhymes a~a~a


Fourteen Haiku


BY Basho


I would lie down drunk


on a bed of stone covered


with soft pinks blooming.


"salmon"


By Adam tillman


Salmon migrate,


at a high rate


and theyre never late.


"salmon grin"


By Adam tillman


Salmon swim


They can grin


With a fin


"frog"


By Jessie Jones


I am a yellow dog


who wishes he was


a purple-spotted frog.


"fish"


By Jessie Jones


You can tell lots of information from their scales


They have long floppy tails


They swim away from whales


Quatrain- a quatrain consists of four rhymed lines.


Leap Before You Look


By W.H. Auden


The sense of danger must not disappear


The way is certainly both short and steep,


However gradual it looks from here;


Look if you like, but you will have to leap.


In Memoriam


By Tennyson


O thou, new-year, delaying long,


Delayest the sorrow in my blood,


That longs to burst a frozen bud


And flood a fresher throat with song


A Red, Red Rose


By Robert Burns


O, my luves like a red, red rose,


Thats newly sprung in June


O, my luves like the melodie


Thats sweetly played in tune.


"salmon"


By Jessie Jones


Salmon dont live in pools


They like it cool


They live in the ocean


And are always in motion


"water"


By Jessie Jones


Water is good for you


It makes you feel good to


It is good from the bottle or well


Man, water is swell!


Quintet- a quintet is a five line stanza.


"A running man"


By unknown


A man


passes running


on the bridge ... not noticing


a lot of swings he has left


up down


"A rain"


By unknown


A rain


soaks my heart


Once I put on rainwear


I have no more wet nor sadness


I walk


"I will"


By unknown


I will


do it for you


bear what I couldnt bear


for a bright future of yours


with love


"Yes"


By Jessie Jones


I say


Yes for our peace


for our happiness and


to keep our good circumstances


Thats all


"You are leaving"


By Jessie Jones


you said


you love me but


now you are leaving me


without saying good-bye...no call


no mail


Sestet- a sestet is a six line stanza


Sestina dInverno


By Anthony Hecht


Here in this bleak city of Rochester,


Where there are twenty-seven words for snow,


Not all of them polite, the wayward mind


Basks in some Yucatan of its own making,


Some coppery, sleek lagoon, or cinnamon island


Alive with lemon tints and burnished natives,


Lo ferm voler


By Arnaut Daniel


But when I am reminded of that chamber


Where I know, to my sorrow, that no man enters


And which is guarded more than by brother or uncle,


My entire body trembles, even to my fingernail,


As does a child before a rod,


Such fear I have of not being hers with all my soul.


"Turning Leaves"


By unknown


I see the forest sparkle in the sunshine


As my passing tosses the leaves


In my path, a lonely road


I started on the road in a fit of grief


Somehow I was hoping to find


Myself, but all I found was myself alone


Septet-a septet is a seven line stanza


"Little Boy"


By unknown


A small boy


Clutched his teddy bear


As he toddled off to bed,


Wanting it to keep him company


In the darkness of the night.


He peacefully slept


Through the night.


"Child"


By Jan Hagg


The childs frozen soul stood mute,


clinging tight to the silence,


arms clutched behind her body,


her head like a broken lute.


Tongue-tied, ashamed of her fright,


articulation had not


been taught her. Yet she could write


"Flower"


By Percy Bysshe Shelly


The flower that smiles today


Tomorrow dies;


All that we wish to stay


Tempts and then flies


What is this worlds delight?


Lightening that mocks the night,


Brief even as bright.


Octave- an octave is an eight line stanza.


"Sorrow"


By Jan Hagg


Confusion rides my every thought.


I twist in the night, I reel in the way.


I would howl from the cliffs, wring the sky wrought


with lightning, hurl my rage, and say


unimaginable sorrows, hard fought,


scrubbed, rinsed, dug up and buried decay.


And yet the light still shines on the yacht


of each new voyage launched each new day.


"Beauty"


By Jan Hagg


Do all man-made beauties contain


a heart of evil, built over


pain, capturing glories of natures wealth


for private gain, approvals lure,


dazzling the heart of love to remain


ensnarled by outer show, impure


foundations returned by charitys stealth,


saying to the others of earth, Endure?


"Black"


By Jan Hagg


The pattern of mornings black


silence, of emptiness, rain


is ripped by the alarm of greed, of lack.


With more respect for gain,


and a very backhanded knack


for security in vain.


Please get rid of your protected stack,


so we can ignore your pain.


Heroic Couplet- the heroic couplet consists of two successive rhyming verses that contain a complete thought within the two lines.


On a Sea-Storm Nigh the Coast


By Richard Steere


Wave after wave in hills each other crowds,


As if the deeps resolved to storm the clouds.


"China"


By Henry Adams


By storm of weakling stars, that he at dawn


Will wither with one ruthless glance away.


"Nemesis"


By Henry Adams


With a few tamarisks upon a mound


Her epigraph upon the desert scrawls.


"Day and night"


By Jessie Jones


Day is cool


But I like night.


"supper and dinner"


By Jessie Jones


Some people call it dinner


But I call it supper.


Terza Rima- terza rima is a three line stanza form with an interlaced or interwoven rhyme scheme.


"Frog"


By unknown


have ideas about the sea,


foreign swamps and bayous,


my own puddle makes me happy . . .


Ode to the West Wind


By Percy Bysshe Shelley


O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumns being,


Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead


Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,


"Fall"


By unknown


The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,


Each like a corpse within its grave, until


Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow


"frog"


By Jessie Jones


I am a yellow dog


who would rather be


a toad. Too many frogs


"Love"


By Jessie Jones


I am in love with you


You are in love with me


We are both in love.


Limerick- a limerick is a five line nonsense poem with an anapestic meter. The first, second, and fifth lines have three stresses and the third and fourth lines have two stresses.


"Baby Boy"


By unknown


To the parents whose bundle of joy


Caused elation that's not at all coy


We all give a cheer


And toast you right here


As you welcome your new little boy.


"Places"


By unknown


As I gazed across the golden sands.


Overlooking the promised lands.


A ship passed through.


Destination Timbuktu.


Working on deck were all hands.


"baby Girl"


By unknown


She's a beauty and surely a pearl


Your new bundle of love all a-curl.


We send our congrats


And take off our hats


To the folks with their new baby girl!


Ballad stanza- the ballad stanza consists of four lines with a rhyme scheme of a~b~c~b. the 1st and rd lines are tetrameter and the nd and 4th are trimeter.


"She wanted"


By W.J. Yeats


She wanted to save her life or death


for a special occasion like love.


She walked in the wind away from the heart


watching the sun above,


Rime Royal- rime royal is a stanza consisting of even lines in iambic pentameter rhyming a~b~a~b~b~c~c.


"Spring Night"


By Jan Hagg


I slept so heavy in the dark spring night


as if Id gone back to the earth to be renewed


like compost shreds from dinners rare delight.


I slept, I sweated, I alone imbued


the night with dreams as black as moss bedewed


with rain and jewels, phantom figments of curled


darkness budding green light that slowly swirled.


Ottava Rima- ottava rima consists of eight iambic pentameter lines with a rhyme scheme of a~b~a~b~a~b~c~c.


"untitled"


By Jan Hagg


I woke into the mornings pure white light,


a desert sun, a moonbeams silver glow.


It was as if the sun could show at night,


all with the moons consent and stars to tow,


along a dancing, shimmering, strange sight


that night was day and day was night, a row


of infinite illuminated in-


crements of time to which my love was kin.


Spensarian Stanza- the spensarian stanza is a nine line stanza consisting of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by an alexandrine,a line of iambic hexameter. The rhyme scheme is a~b~a~b~b~c~b~c~c.


"Flowers"


By Jan Hagg


Pigmented dark, the chlorophyll rises


wayward in spring to tree tops and flower leaves,


veridian green, causing veridic crises.


The naked branches, used to winters freeze,


must cloth themselves in blossoms though it grieves


them to hide their sturdy brown limbs, their high twigs.


They wait in shame for autumns golden sheaves,


dancing beneath their gowns of green to gigs


created by their unwanted, leafy, musical wigs.


English Sonnet- an English sonnet is a fourteen line stanza form consisting of iambic pentameter lines.


"English Sonnet"


By Jan Hagg


When memories begin to rise from my


sonambulant and sleepy brain, twilight


clears clouds that seem to gather to defy


the sun, the warmth, the life, the dance, the bright


blue beauty of a dying summers lore.


When stars begin to wink new fears rise up


always new fears. Does God want terror more


or humans pitiful love in a cup


with golden etchings commemorating


the memorable few times when Gods kind smile


outweighed his wrath? Is God mean and blaming


small, frightened and as full of fear, nay vile


as creatures born of his loneliness, born


in his image, born cringing, forlorn.


Italian Sonnet- the Italian sonnet is a fourteen line stanza form consisting of an octave and a sestet.


"Italian Sonnet"


By Jan Hagg


I miss the walk to the sea, the grassland,


the small dam. I miss three or four lilies,


white and vulnerable, marsh bred, like trees.


I miss the picnic on peas, yellow, bland,


with olive oil, onion, dill, mixed by hand.


I miss the roads curve, the skys soaring breeze,


straining for the sound of the surf, the lees


smell, the surprise of the sun on the sand.


I miss all this, but I dont miss thee,


not the small hurts nor the great betrayals,


the spiraling shroud of your proud disdain,


nor the supreme vision you gave to me.


The vast pleasure of mornings peace assails


springs world with the breaking blossoms wild reign.


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Friday, May 7, 2021

World Religions

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World Religions


Eliade


1. What is religion?


a. Belief system that gives value or meaning to peoples existenceOrder College Papers on World Religions


b. Personal religion versus institutional religion


. Myth/Mythic


a. Truth in an explanatory way


b. Attempts to explain religion


c. Presence of the sacred and profane


. Sacred and Profane


a. Modes of being in the world


b. Existing in relation to other things


c. Things and space are sacred because of a persons relationship with it


4. Sacred


a. Opposite of the profane


b. Cosmos


c. Order


d. Heterogeneous


i. Mixed kind


e. Must be assigned qualitative value


5. Profane


a. Chaos


b. Disorder


c. Homogenous


i. Same kind


6. Religious man


a. One who lives or tries to live in a sacred world


b. No religious man


i. Each person gravitates toward something


ii. Sacred has become lost


7. Cosmogony


a. The creation of the cosmos


b. Serial cosmogony


i. Cosmos is born of an existing cosmos


1. from a substantial change


c. before new cosmos


i. old must die


d. before cosmogony


i. must be a sign


1. hierophany


. manifestation


. theophany


a. contact with a divine power


4. hierophany


a. contact between levels


e. Contact between levels


i. Point


ii. From the fixed point the world spreads out


iii. A circle


iv. All points equidistant from the center


f. Threshold


i. Circumference of circle


ii. No value


iii. Must be acknowledged


g. Axis Mundi


i. Line through the center


ii. Pole, ladder, mountain, tree


iii. Center is most sacred


h. End of the world


i. Loss of center


ii. Loss of circumference


iii. Encroachment of the profane upon the sacred


i. Sign


i. Something that happens which no one has no control over


8. Sanctification of Life


a. Sanctify to make something sacred


b. Life is profane normally


i. Horizonatal line


c. Does this by Rites


d. Sacred time


i. Most sacred


1. cosmogony


. other moments also become sacred


ii. cyclical


iii. eternal


e. Profane time


i. Linear


ii. Durations


. What is time


a. Time is the measurement of change


b. Eternal exists outside of time


c. Does not change


10. Two types of Rites


a. Ritual


i. Reenactment of the original comosgonic event


ii. Makes people feel as if the moment exists


b. Rite of Passage


i. Celebrates the movement from one stage of life to another


11. Ontological status


a. To become anything else around the circle


b. Established


1. How are the rite of passage connected


a. Acknowledgement


b. Instigation


c. Initiation


d. Importance of death and rebirth imagery


1. Imprinting


a. At a point of high hormonal influx


b. People are prone to take on certain imprints


14. Rites of Passage in Life


a. Birth and naming


b. Baptism


c. Circumcision


d. Bar or bat mitzvah


e. Marriage


f. Childbirth


g. Last rites


15. Secular Rituals


a. Star spangled banner


b. Thanksgiving


c. Birthday party


d. Fourth of July


Black Elk


e. Rituals


i. Pipe smoking


ii. Dancing


iii. All part of great spirit


16. Vocab


a. Monotheism


i. Belief in on god


b. Polytheism


i. Belief in many gods


c. Pejorative


i. Derogatory


d. Polemical


i. Over dramatize difference


17. Black Elk


a. Native Americans


b. Came over in land bridge


c. Two cultures emerged


i. Farmers


1. mother earth


. priorities fertility


ii. Hunters


1. father sky


. priorities strength and masculinity


d. native American world view


i. where one fits in the world


ii. attitude towards nature


iii. plants animals men share an equilibrium


e. Ecological Aspect


i. Balance


1. natural world


. animals


ii. Normative


1. sets a value


. conservation


a. using resources efficiently


. minimum impact on the balance


4. replenish


5. efficient use


f. Spiritual Aspect


i. Spirit world


ii. Location


1. center of the world


iii. ontological value


1. more real than their world


iv. to enter the spirit world


1. vision dream through shaman


v. divination


1. advice from gods


. healing


a. medicine


b. power


c. charisma


vi. all must have vision before adulthood


1. so discover destiny


. not fate but direction of life


vii. In vision one sees totem


1. totem


a. manifestation of ones spirit as an animal in the spirit world


i. determines


1. characteristics


. new name


. compatibility


g. Shamanic Visions


i. Large scope


ii. Able to heal


h. Animism


i. Belief in life force or spirits dwelling in inanimate objects


i. Pantheon


i. Lexicon of gods


j. Great Spirit


i. Removed all power spirit


k. Elemental


i. Rain, lightening


ii. Don't pray to god for rain, pray to rain


l. Object


i. Inanimate objects that appear to have spirits occupying them


m. Ghosts


i. People who died were unable to make transition


1. not rited properly


Hinduism


1. Not a religion


. a cultural distinction


. materials written in San Skrit


a. language of sacred prayers


b. losing much of the poetry


c. very complex


d. neologize makes up new words


4. When culture becomes extinct it becomes fragmented, increasingly incoherent


a. Hindu


i. Superimposition of Aryan culture onto the harapan culture


b. Persians reject Aryan influence


i. Zoroastrianism


1. negative reaction


. good and will gods and switched


5. Vedas


a. Sacred texts


b. Collection of texts


c. Authorless


d. Incoherent and doesn't fit together


e. Does not mean a single veda makes no sense


i. Collection as a whole is inconsistent


ii. Unsystematic


f. Overtime people evolved


i. So did text


6. Canan


a. Authoritive core text


b. Vedas are canonized


c. Explanations


i. Long evolved


ii. Liturgical to be chanted or sung


iii. Believed that everything is made up of vibration


iv. Notions and thought are seen as substances


v. Move faster than light


d. Universe is a far reaching as the vibration will reach


7. Aum


a. The perfect sound of creation


b. Meant to reproduce every sound in the universe


c. Keep universe in balance


d. Sympathetic vibration if one thing vibrates


i. Other things will vibrate at the same frequency


8. 4 collections of Vedas


a. samhias


i. hymns


b. Brahmanas


i. Priestly liturgies


c. Aranyakas


i. Forest books


d. Upanishads


i. The end of the Vedas


ii. Vedanta


1. concrete


. Metaphysics


a. Tries to explain what I is in the outside world that cause the physical world to operate


10. Concrete


a. Specific and well defined


11. Abstract


a. Does not give specific examples


i. Takes an array of things abstract a common element


ii. No two instances of the element are identical


b. As Vedas become more abstract


i. they become more coherent


c. fundamental reality


i. center where everything stands


1. Dharma


a. Duty


1. RTA


a. The goddess of order


b. Symphony analogy


i. Dharma


1. sheet music


14. Determinants of Duty


a. Caste


b. Family


c. Age


d. Previous life


e. Gender


15. Brahman


a. Utterly abstract


b. Not this not that


c. Cannot be pointed to


16. Self


a. It must remain itself


i. As time passes the self does not change


b. Physical appearance


c. Personality


d. Memories


e. All theses things are constantly changing so it cannot be true self


f. Embodiment


i. Born


ii. Lives


iii. Dies


g. True self cannot be reincarnated because reincarnation is change


17. Jiva


a. Illusory self that goes through reincarnation


b. Changes slower than embodiment


c. Made up of the latent consequences of karma


d. Karma


i. Action


ii. Selfish action


iii. Requires more action


e. Jiva is the overflow of karmic consequences


18. Samsara


a. Cycle of death and rebirth


b. In an attempt to satisfy karmic consequences


c. Motivated by karma


d. Samsra sucks life sucks then you die


e. Every opportunity to be born you die


1. GOAL IS NO MORE SAMASARA


a. Nirvana


i. The end without a following beginning


ii. End of samara


iii. End of illusory self


iv. End of jiva


v. End of karma


b. Brahman


i. Truly abstract


c. Atman


i. True self


d. Fundamental realities


i. Most real


e. Eternal


i. Outside of time


f. Incomposite


i. Pure


ii. No parts


iii. Simplest


0. Ontological nondualism


a. There is only one fundamental reality


b. Neither nothing nor something


1. Nondualism versus monism


a. Everyminism is an implied dualism


i. To say something exists it has to be distinguished from nonexisistent


. People appear to be different because we bear the marks of kharma


a. But underneath were all the same


. Brahman


a. All that was


b. Somehow


i. Beginning Is not understood


c. I


i. Belief in the individuality


d. Lack


i. Once you think yourself separate from the whole you feel an emptiness for the whole desire to


e. Desire


i. Fill the lack


f. Action


i. Action to satisfy the desire


g. Kharama is action taken in vain


4. Yoga


a. Putting the reias on self-gratification


i. Helps to harness urges


ii. Also lives together the parts of the self


iii. Mind body spirit


iv. Whole is more than sum of the parts


b. Can be see as an action that integrates mind body and soul


i. For the moment a person escapes their own ego


ii. A yogi is someone who can sustain the moment


c. Yoga in the gita


i. Bhaktiyoga


1. devotion


. completely giving to someone else


. to think entirely of the object of ones desire and not of ones self


ii. Karmayoga


1. Action


. action acting on behalf of dharma


. just do it because its your duty


iii. Jnanayoga


1. wisdom


. acquiring understanding of the true self


. how to acquire such wisdom


a. meditation


iv. Most powerful yoga in Gita


1. bhaktiyoga


. devote to Krishna


. anyone can do it


5. Extrinsic Steps


a. Yama


i. Morality


b. Hiyama


i. Physical purifying


ii. Hygiene


iii. Diet


c. Asana


i. Physical postures


d. Pranayama


i. Breathing exercises


ii. Comes from food we eat


iii. Eating the sun


iv. Eating something that ate the sun


e. Pratyahara


i. Shutting out all the sensory


ii. Willful withdrawal of the senses


6. Intrinsic Steps


a. Dharana


i. Concentration


b. Dhyana


i. Meditation


ii. Realize that you are not your body


c. Samadhi


i. Perfect sameness


ii. bliss


Buddhism


1. Based on Hindu tradition


a. emerged as a rejection of some Hindu aspects


b. Orthodox


i. In line with standard doctrine


ii. Absolute authority of the Vedas


c. Heterodoxy


i. Follows more than one doctrine


ii. Does not believe in the supreme authority of the Vedas


d. Carvaka


e. Jains


f. Buddhism


g. Vedas


h. Priests


i. Caste system


i. Pramara


1. Valid means of knowing


j. Direct experience


k. logical


l. Samba


i. Someone told you


. No pragmatic


a. Dogmatic


i. Insist only certain doctrines are true


b. Pragmatic


i. Practical


. Rahula


a. Absolute truth


b. Nirvana


c. Unhelpful


d. Incoherent


e. no absolute truth in the world


f. truth is not an issue


4. Buddhism uses parables to teach


a. Parable of the raft


i. Buddha's teachings


1. Buddhism offers suggestions of how to live


a. not truths


b. means to an end


i. not an addiction or an attachment


5. Critique of Hindu metaphysics


a. Parable of the poison arrow


b. Buddhists reject the ideas of Brahman, atman, fundamental realities


c. All questions metaphysics are based on assumptions


i. Cannot be or have not been proven


6. four noble truths


a. Fourfold implies four aspects of one concept


b. Axiom


i. Basis of system of proof


ii. Starting point starting assumption


c. Buddhism is neither to be taken on full faith


i. nor no faith


d. Only thing that matters is overcoming of Dukha


i. Suffering


7. Fourfold Axiom


a. Aspects


i. Dukha


1. suffering


. pain


. sorrow


4. All symptoms


5. Loss of who you are


a. What you lost was fundamental


6. more of an emotional anguish


a. response to loss


7. all like if Dukha


a. Dukha is inevitable


ii. Samudaya


1. Cause of Dukha


a. Diagnosis


. Tanha


a. Thirst


b. Cause of Dukha


. Dukha has many causes


a. But tanha is the closest


4. Thirst


a. The thirst that every time you try to satisfy it


b. It only gets worse


c. Continues across lifetime


iii. Nirvana


1. Prognosis


. cessation of Dukha


. nirvana is the end of tanha


a. end of Dukha


4. knowing what to do is different than doing it


iv. Marga


1. the path


. not steps


. 8 fold path


4. three categories


a. Sila


i. Ethical conduct


b. Samadhi


i. Discipline


c. Prajna


i. Wisdom


v. Self awareness is not self consciousness


1. self consciousness includes judgments


. self awareness lacks the judgment aspect


vi. Meditation


1. centered around visualations


a. visualize self as rotting corpse


b. deromanticising the embodiment


c. accepting the pain helps one to move past it


d. realizing the embodiment is not the self helps the realization that death is not all that important


8. Real


a. Causes and effects


b. Everything that can be said to be real is the cause and effect of everything else that can be said to be real


c. Conditioned genesis


i. Things are created conditionally


ii. Rules out the first cause


1. 1 link cycle


iii. posting first causes is as worthless as posting no cause


d. pratityasamutpada


i. attempts to explain the world and reality


. Proper understanding


a. Understanding the world in a way to overcome suffering Dukha


b. Pratityasamutpada


c. Experience of selfhood


i. Buddha does not deny the experience of self


ii. Experience has causes and effects


1. 5 aggregates


10. Anatman


a. No self


b. No unchanging thing


c. Cannot claim that there is not atman


i. Unsaying implies there once was


d. Pratityamaipada


i. Middle way


ii. Does not say things exist or not exist


11. Argument of Atman


a. Epistemologically incoherent cannot be proven to exist or not exist


i. Hindus


1. atman is utterly abstract


. no instance exists


. cannot be seen


b. Harmful


i. Causes Dukha


1. if you belief something for no reason and it causes you harm


. believe in something else


c. Alternatives


i. We can look for alternatives to the idea of atman


1. explain the experience of selfhood and draw different conclusions from it


a. without rooting it in a true self


1. Analytic Device


a. When the self is broken a part


i. We find the five skandas


1. Five Skandas


a. Aggregates


i. Whenever the aggregates are arranged in a certain way,


ii. The experience of a self takes place


1. if one of the five is missing the experience of selfhood cannot take place


b. Rupa


i. Form


1. anything capable of being served


c. Vedena


i. Feeling


ii. Sensation


iii. Anything you want to go towards away from


d. Samuna


i. Perception


1. webs of perception


. how things relate to everything else


e. Samskara


i. Karmic conditioning


ii. Knowing something because it was experience before predisposed in feelings actions based on past experience


f. Vijnana


i. Bifurcate consciousness


1. consciousness is split into two


ii. the goal is not to eliminate one of the standards


1. to eliminate the experience of self


. find the explanation for the experience


14. Buddhist meditation


a. An attempt to break a bad habit


i. Thinking of oneself as the self


b. Steps to breaking habits


i. Realizing that you have a habit


ii. Deciding to break the habit


iii. Get down to the root of the first thought of the habit


iv. By the time we realize a though


1. its too late


. stop the thought of self before it becomes entirely conscious


Daoism


1. Daoism


a. Daodejing


i. Untranslatable


1. Classical Chinese


. Language changes


. Social/cultural translation


ii. Context is lost


iii. Words taken at face value


iv. No one has a perfect understanding of this text


v. No grammar


vi. No masculine/feminine


vii. No tense


viii. No capital letters


ix. No articles


b. Origin of the text


i. 600 BCE 50 BCE


ii. Dao De Jing


1. Tao Tech Ching


iii. Written by Laozi


iv. Zhou dynasty 100 BCE 5 BCE


1. Warring states period


v. Daoism is a response to the breakdown of the Zhou dynasty


c. Confucianism


i. Thought that life was great in the early Zhou


ii. Suggests to do everything as they were done


iii. Conformity to ancient culture


d. Proto-Daoist


i. Non nostalgic feelings


ii. Left the cities


1. head for the hills


. Abandoned Zhou, start a new


e. Laozi


i. Wisest man in all of china


ii. Wants to leave the city


iii. Is told he can not leave until he wrote down everything he knew


iv. Brevity


v. Ambivalent


vi. Open to interpretation


f. Scholars say not a single author


g. Dao De Jing


i. Dao = under goes virtue


ii. De = virtue


iii. Jing = discernable threads


1. refers to any text with a discernable history


. made of transmission


iv. Dao has normative implication


1. the way of leaders is the way to live


v. Chinese


1. things don't exist


a. they process


b. they do


. Everything is what it is


vi. Process of what they do is Dao


h. Ideal versus Actual Dao


i. In order for a Dao to be ideal


1. it needs to exist without interference


ii. Lots of processes


1. all occur at the same time


. all interacting


iii. Ideal Dao does not exist


i. Destiny


i. Ideal process of being a person


j. Dao used to describe how things would be if experienced no interference


k. Dao De Jing


i. Refers to all Daos


ii. Not The Dao


l. Heart is organ of thought


i. Emotion is feeling


m. De = not thinking before acting


i. Just take what comes naturally


n. Dao De


i. Easiest possible way of processes occurring


ii. Ideally processing in a natural way


iii. Least amount of effort


o. De = the quality of that which is most ideally Daoing


p. TaiJi (Tai Chi)


i. Not the martial arts


ii. The principle by which all things Dao


iii. Tai and Ji mean


1. extreme


q. Principles of Extremes


i. Ta Ji Tu


1. diagram of Tai Ji


ii. YinYang


1. opposites


. complimentary


. Yin


a. Traditionally taken to mean feminine qualities


i. Submissive/passive


ii. Creative


4. Yang


a. Masculine qualities


i. Active


ii. Dominant


iii. Strong or large


5. Newtonian conservation of Yin and Yang


a. Get more yin but be less yang


b. Eliade = Sacrifice


iii. Principles of TaiJi


1. whenever any process reaches its extreme in one direction


a. it becomes its opposite process.


. All Daos are oscillating


a. Balancing


iv. Paradox


1. seeming or apparent contradiction


. Lying Paradox


a. Everything I say is a lie


b. Real actual paradox


. Rhetorical


a. Paradox sounds like a paradox but all based on words


b. Looking for new ways of saying


v. Wei Wu Wei


1. Act without Acting


. Not complete passivity


a. Practical principle of Daoism


. getting out of the way of the pendulum


4. dealing with TaiJi


5. Acting without interface/effort (Dao)


vi. Preferences are


1. what causes acting with interference


. the more intent we are on our preferences


a. the more limited are options


. Less specific you are about views


a. The more you see


4. Wei Wu Wei


a. Unlimited possibilities


vii. Miaw


1. wonder


. childlike state


. Box = it can be anything


4. to become mature is to become more like a child


a. regain wonder


viii. Dao


1. process


ix. De


1. ideally


x. Jing


1. without interference


Judaism


1. Biblical


a. Bible


b. People of the book


c. Um Al Kitab


i. The mother of the book


d. God wrote this book in Gods language


e. Translated into human language times


i. Hebrew


1. Moses read and translated wrong


ii. Jesus


1. Christians focused on messenger


. not message


. lost scriptures


4. rewrote them


iii. Mohammed


1. will be lost prophet


. Arabic scripture correct


. Prophetic texts/traditions


a. Prophet


i. Messenger of god


ii. All people of the book received the same book


b. Judaism, Christianity, Islam are all Semitic Traditions


c. Semites


i. Jews and Arabs


. Judaism


a. Tend to read the bible as history


i. History of the human world


ii. History of gods intervention in such


b. Hebrew Scripture


i. Tanakg


ii. Torah


1. first 5 books of the scriptures


iii. Nevim


1. prophetic writings


. apocalyptic tone


iv. Kethbim


1. book of Job, etc, miscellaneous


v. Apocrypha


1. controversial materials


. questionable curiosity


4. Theological Conclusions


a. Creatio Ex Nihlo


i. Creation from nothing


b. Omnipotent


i. No limitations on power


c. Omniscient


i. No limitations on knowing


d. Above suggests he doesn't make mistakes


i. Text suggests he does


5. Creation


a. 6 day model


b. Rvach


i. Gods life force (spirit of god)


c. Nefesh


i. Gods breath in Adam and soul


d. First distinction


i. Light and dark


ii. Produced heterogeneity into homogeneity


6. Introduction to distinction


a. Day and Night


b. Light and Dark


c. Bad versus Evil


i. Bad = pragmatic


ii. Evil = moral category


d. Every phase in process of creation


i. God sees that it is good


ii. Earth Good


iii. Hinduism/Buddhism


1. earth is a bad place and must escape


iv. Christianity/Judaism


1. earth is good place to be enjoyed


e. Second Day


i. Heaven and Earth


f. Third Day


i. Land and Sea


ii. Doesn't create


iii. Reveals


g. Fourth Day


i. Sun Moon Stars


1. introduce time


. all calendars are based on movement of heavenly bodies


h. Fifth Day


i. Birds and Fish


i. Sixth


i. Land Creatures


1. Created in gods image


. God becomes increasingly more cosmic as book proceeds


. Humanoic


4. Maybe we don't resemble god at all


5. We think whatever god things


7. Second Story


a. Not told in terms of days


b. Tells why


c. Conditions


i. Desert


1. no water


. no man till the land


ii. Water


1. before land came from water


. now water comes up from ground


iii. Adam of the earth


1. created to care for the land


iv. Plants Garden of Eden


1. First story


a. all food


b. no distinction


. Now


a. Tree of life


b. Tree of knowledge


c. Center of Eden


. Eliade


a. Cosmic tree


b. Bears fruit


c. Properties of gods


d. If god can threaten death


i. Adam was never immortal


ii. created moral


e. Tree of knowledge of Good and Evil


i. Moral Knowledge


ii. If eat then die on the spot


f. Animals


i. Meant to be companion to Adam


1. no mate


g. Woman


i. Her existence is dependent on Adams


ii. Adam has power over eve


8. Apparent inconsistencies


a. Order of creation


b. Woman and man created together


c. Emphasis


. Perspective Theory


a. stories are the same but from different perspectives


i. gods and humans


10. Lilith


a. Adams first wife


b. God creates Adam and Lilith


c. Lilith refuses to be subservient


i. Lilith kicked out of the garden


ii. God creates eve


1. eve is subservient


d. Written out of the bible by the male priests


11. Kabbalah


a. Mysticism


i. Becoming one with the divine


b. Trying to get to heaven requires climbing on the backs of demons


i. Gain power of them learn their name


ii. Only crated man


1. hermaphroditic


1. JEPD


a. Literary critical scholar


b. Multiple authorship theory


i. At least four authorial strands


ii. Almost every story in the bible is repeated twice


c. Several names of the lord


i. Jehovah


ii. Elohim


d. Priesthood


i. How priests should act


ii. How to treat priests


e. Deuteronomy


i. Seems to be completely separate


1. Fall from paradise


a. Common theory


i. God was testing Adam and eve


ii. Theologic problem


1. what does such a test suggest about gods omnipotence and omniscience


iii. Do Adam and eve deserve to be punished


1. much like children


. don't understand disobedience


. do not know right from wrong


4. threatened with death


a. don't know what death is


5. Cannot understand terms of the deal


a. Let alone consequences


iv. Why doesn't god know what was going to happen


1. why is the tree in the garden to begin with


v. The serpent


1. god himself or the craftiest creatures


. Sent told by god to trick Adam and eve


. not Satan


4. may have been telling the truth


5. no clean instance of deception


vi. Issue


1. what was meant by the word die


vii. Outcomes of the serpent


1. have to slither on their stomachs


. people and snakes not compatible


viii. Adam Outcome


1. work for food


a. till the soil


. Condemns him to death


ix. Eve Outcome


1. painful childbirth


. under the rule of her husband


x. Outcomes not punishment


1. appears this way


xi. Fruit was a lesson


1. allowing to learn through choices


14. Fall from Paradise


a. God seems confused that humans will become as the god


i. Wanted to prevent this


1. knowledge of good and evil


. immortal life


. life in heaven


4. unlimited power


b. Why does god not want people to be like god?


i. Selfish reasons


1. competition


. war


. lack of leadership


ii. Unselfish reasons


1. cannot handle power


. all the power comes with great responsibility


iii. Eliade


1. one center (god)


. obscuring the distinction creates chaos


. the world relics on the distinction


c. Why does god destroy the world by flood


i. Wants to rid the world of evil


ii. Beneloheim Angels


1. sons of god are mating with human woman making mixed race


. intermixing god and man


. line has been blurred


4. order threatened World Ends


15. The Story of Job


a. Among the earliest materials in the text


i. Job


1. most faithful


. most righteous


ii. Righteousness


1. god-fearing


. sacrifice


iii. Job is very wealthy man


b. God is meeting with angels


i. Angels have no free will


1. the thought of Satan being angel does not fit


c. Irony


i. Accused of being spiritually polluted (leprosy)


1. when he was better than god


ii. was the only one righteous


1. wealthy wicked


iii. Unsettling unbalance


d. Happy Ending


i. His kids are still dead


1. even though he has new kids theyr not his


e. Jobs rewards


i. Occurs right after he intercedes on behalf of his friends


1. willing to forgive


ii. Not clear he is being rewarded for keeping faith


iii. Not offered


1. immortality


. life in heaven


iv. Given kids stuff


1. god always gives kids and stuff


16. Covenant promise


a. Seem to be undonctional


i. Requires nothing in return


b. What makes a covenant?


i. Cosmogonic


1. what come before no longer is


a. new center (notion of self)


17. Five Covenants (or 4)


a. Adam


i. No specific promise


ii. No use of the word covenant or bris


iii. Implicit promise


1. if they don't eat the fruit of the tree, the could live in Eden


b. Noah


i. Uses the word covenant


ii. Seal


1. rainbow


a. used to remind that not to destroy the world by flood


b. smells sacrifice appears to be unconditional


iii. Bestowal


1. tells noah the can eat animals


. however no animals with blood (soul)


. Animals with blood are still alive


4. Dietary code (preliminary)


iv. Expectations


1. Prohibits killing


a. Moral code (preliminary again)


b. Obligation to procreate


c. Abram


i. Changed to Abraham


1. rite of passage


. change in social and ontological status


ii. Patriarchal Primogeniture


1. eldest son gets everything


iii. Abrahams vision


1. shamanic vision


a. shows destiny of a whole people


iv. The Promise


1. lots of descendents


. Lands (promised land)


. his people will be oppressed for 500 years before can have the land


4. Wealth


a. Lost the Egyptians


5. God


a. I will be your god and you my people


b. Chosen people


d. Moses


i. Agent of fulfillment of the Abrahamic Covenant


1. Moses is not circumcised


a. Jewish?


. Moses is given the torah


. 61 commandments


4. lord gives Moses his name


a. lord


5. leaves influence


a. people can get gods attention as never before


6. Establishes priesthood


a. Priest


i. Intermediary


ii. Aaron


1. first priest


iii. Perform sacrifices


b. Temple


i. When temple destroyed


ii. Axis Mundi destroyed


e. David


i. King of Israel


ii. God speaks to prophet Samuel


1. tells Samuel who he wants as king


. says to Saul to be first king


a. anointed


b. coroneted


. battle of attrition


a. champion


4. Champion of the Philistines


a. Goliath


b. Destroys all Jewish champions


c. David defeats Goliath


d. Philistines retreat


5. God says David is to be king


iii. God promises David a dynasty


1. every king of Israel will be from the house of David


18. Intertestamental


a. Covenant with David


b. If Jews do what is wrong in the eyes of the lord


i. he will destroy the kingdom


c. David's son Solomon


i. Had a lot of wife's


ii. Political Alliances


iii. Not one of his wives is Jewish


d. Israel splits into Israel and Juda


i. Syria destroys Israel


ii. Babylon's conquer Juda


1. destroy temple


. center destroyed world in chaos


. ruling class captured by Babylonians


4. 80 years pass


a. those who left are dead


b. those who stayed are Babylonian


c. write down traditions


i. Talmud


iii. Line of David is Lost


1. records burned


e. Messianic Expectation "Anointed One"


i. Reestablishment of the line of David


ii. Reestablishment of a kingdom


iii. Rebuilding the temple


iv. All must take place in same spot


1. Biblical Judaism


a. No devil


b. No heaven or hell


c. Not the son of god or savior is the messiah


0. Sheol


a. Existence of the life after death by being remembered


1. Persians


a. Persians conquer Babylonians


b. Liberate Jews


c. Persians Zoroastrianism


d. God and Devil


e. Heaven and Hell


f. Days of Judgment


g. Jesus is Jewish


i. Talks about Jewish Law


h. Emphasis in the gospels


i. Mark


1. humanity of Jesus


ii. John


1. divinity


iii. Matthew


1. Jewishness


Christianity


1. Early Christians were Jews


. Gospel


a. The good news


b. A few dozen gospels


i. Only 4 included in text


c. Gospels


i. Mark 60


ii. Matthew 70-75


iii. Luke 85


iv. John 100-10


d. Disciples


i. Students of Jesus


e. Apostle


i. Messenger of the Gospel


f. Not necessarily written by persons who name they bare


g. First three gospels are synoptic (parallel Explanations)


i. Matthew and Luke may have been drawn from Mark


ii. All three based on one missing document on the life of Jesus


h. John has Completely Different structure


. Acts of the Apostles


a. Seem to have been written by the writers of Luke


b. Ecclesia


i. Community


ii. Founded by the apostles


4. Epistles


a. Letters of the apostles (Paul)


b. Written by Paul 45-50


5. Revelation (60-66)


a. Under the rule of Nero


b. First connection made between serpent in Eden and Satan


c. Year begins at the cosmogony


6. Roman Empire


a. Successes


b. Did not force assimilation


i. Allowed indigenous culture


c. Technology


d. Roads


i. Transport of army culture trade


e. Metal


f. Aqueducts and plumbing


g. Broken into districts with separate governors


h. Ruler of Rome


i. Augustus Caesar


7. Kingdom of the Jews


a. Judea


b. Ruled by Herod


c. Herods rule under roman authority


i. parasitic


ii. Governor (Roman) of district that includes Judea


iii. Painted as sympathetic


iv. Scholars believe is Blood thirsty


8. Essenes


a. Zealots over lapped


. Messiah is


a. Descendant of David


b. King of Israel


10. Herodians


a. Wanted a messiah who would institute the kingdom of Israel without interrupting the way things are


11. Zealots


a. Wanted overthrow of Romans


1. Essenes


a. Hoped for a celestial body to take them to heaven


1. Most turned back on Jesus


a. While talking to one group


b. He antagonized the other group


14. Crucifixion


a. Suffocation


b. Exposed to the elements


c. Social humiliation


d. Eliadically


i. Lowers social and ontological status


e. Made fun of


i. Crown of thorns


ii. Naked


iii. Here lies Jesus, king of Jews


iv. Disappointing to zealots


15. Intention


a. To prove that Jesus fulfills the prophecy of the messiah


16. Accusations against Jesus


a. Blasphemy


i. Heals


ii. Forgives Sins


b. Treason


i. Claims to be king of the Jews


17. Convicted by Romans for Treason


a. Crucifixion is a roman punishment


b. Mocked for his pretension as the king of Jews


18. Blamed on the Jews


a. Jewish people had the ability to save two criminals


i. Jews chose other man


1. Jesus Barabus


a. Son of the father


b. Was the wrong Jesus killed/


c. Ability to save Jesus was added later for the purpose of placing blame on the jews


1. Jesus and Jewish Law


a. Abolishes


i. Swearing in gods name


ii. Divorce


iii. Eye for an eye


iv. Dietary and hygiene codes


0. The law


a. Torah


b. The law


c. Scriptures


d. Commandments


1. Fulfill


a. Fulfills the predictions


. Complete


a. Implies law is missing something


i. not that the laws are incomplete


ii. need to be different


b. love thy neighbor


c. simplifies


d. complicates


e. eliminates priesthood


f. speaks common language


g. Not clear Jesus wanted to start new religion


i. Reform Judaism


. How did Christianity become something other than Judaism


a. Early forms of Christianity


4. Jerusalem Jewish Church


a. Led by James, Brother of Jesus


b. His death in 66 AD that sparked Jewish Revolution


c. Very pure form of Judaism


d. Good at speaking to Jews, not gentiles


e. Says Christians must be Jewish


i. must convert


ii. circumcision


5. Saul


a. Hater of Christians


b. Vision of risen Jesus


c. Pauline gentile


i. Not Jewish to covert


ii. Successful among gentiles


iii. Rivals Jewish church


iv. Thrives


1. survives


. Jewish suppression


v. Undermined by Jamesian Christians


vi. Gospel accounts are the stories of Pauline Christians


vii. Prove pauls church is better


d. Depiction of Jewish people


i. Stupid


1. Can not understand parables


ii. Peter


1. Unloyal


. Denies Jesus times


. Cannot walk on water


4. little faith


6. Coptic


a. Egyptian Christians


b. Already had a dead and risen god


7. Sabeans


a. Mentioned in quaran


b. Authority revised


c. John the Baptist as the Christ


d. Jesus sent to introduce john


8. Eastern Orthodox


a. does not except pope


b. comes from Pauline church


. Gnostic


a. Knowledge


b. Predicts Christianity


c. Argues god of Jewish Scriptures


i. Not real god


ii. Transcendent god


iii. Close to Hinduism


iv. Overrides god such as atman


v. God explodes into 100 rays of light energy


vi. Energy causes sparks that create waves of reality


vii. Our level is very dense and secondary


d. Demiurge


i. God of the level of reality


ii. Actions are the ones in scriptures


iii. Creates world out of self


1. organizing them


. makes 1 archons (builders)


a. create world landscapes


b. makes little bodies and minds


. has sense of what humans should be


a. has to animate them


i. gets sparks from transcendent god


ii. your awareness is god operating through you


iii. sparks are drawn back to god


iv. keeping us ignorant by lying to us so we stay here


v. demiurge isn't destroyed (reincarnation)


1. recycles sparks


iv. Transcendent god sends sparks through other levels to earth to tell us what we know


1. messengers of life


a. know their party of god


i. example Jesus


b. persecuted because against demiurge


c. First is serpent


v. In order for sparks to return to transcendent god must pass through challenges


1. each level


Islam


1. Muslims


a. All people of the book till a point


i. At what point is Muslim different


b. Ishmael


i. Child of Abraham with a slave woman


ii. Sarah gets pregnant


iii. Kicks Ishmael and his mother to desert


1. Ishmael gets mighty nation of his own


. Arab


a. Sons of Abraham from Israel


. Hebrew


a. Sons of Abe from Isaac


iv. Sibling Rivalry


. Mecca


a. Arab religion was animistic


i. Mecca culture was high society


b. Mecca was very cosmopolitan at the time of Mohammed


i. Important end cosmopolitan because


1. important economic site


a. camel caravans


. political site


a. tribal area


b. Camel Caravans


i. No social and ontological status so don't matter


c. Manages treaties for the region


. religious site


a. pilgrimage site


b. pilgrimage


i. sacred journey


c. well becomes the basis for city of Mecca


d. Becomes sacred to Arabic culture


i. Marks Mecca as beginning of Arabic Culture


. Qiba


a. Big black rock (meteorite)


b. Sign from heaven


c. Site where sacrifice of Ishmael was to take place


d. Building surrounding site


i. Supposively made by Abraham and Ishmael


4. Mohammed


a. 570 CE


b. poor, orphaned, illiterate


c. gets job on camel caravan and promoted through ranks


d. Kdijah


i. Owner and widow of camel caravan


ii. Gets married and Mohammed takes over


e. Becomes dissatisfied with meccan culture and religion


f. In mountains


i. Hears voice of Gabriel (angel)


ii. First word is recite


g. Kdijah tells Mohammed to go back to the mountain because it might be god


h. Bits and pieces of revelation from god over next 0 years


5. Five Pillars of Islam


a. Center of life (axis mundi)


b. Creed/Motto/profession of faith


i. No god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet


c. Charity


i. The giving of ones time effort etc


ii. Life is a test


1. test through adversity


. test by prosperity


. charity to pasts test


d. Prayer


i. 5 times a day


ii. you don't need a mediator


iii. you must face Mecca while praying


iv. you have to do it prostrate or lying down


v. specific times


vi. demonstrates submission to god


e. The Pilgrimage


i. You got to go to Mecca


ii. Only once in your life


iii. Supposed to make your best effort


iv. You can change your name afterward


1. significant change in social or ontological status


. rebirth


f. Fasting during Ramadan


i. Consecrates the first revelation of the Koran


ii. Like a yoga


1. spiritual discipline


6. Jihad


a. Holy war or struggle


b. It has to be defensive


i. Not defensive of property


ii. Of Islam


c. Defense of the pillars


d. Shouldn't fight during Ramadan or in holy place


e. Heaven and hell are present


f. Heaven


i. Image for men who live in the desert


g. Hell


i. Burning hotness


h. Greater Jihad


i. Test in yourself of temptation


ii. Internal


i. Lesser Jihad


i. External


ii. Declared by garden of the community


iii. Deliberated


7. Continuities between Jewish and Muslim


a. God is same god


b. Abraham's life story


c. Prophets


8. Discontinuities between Jewish and Muslim


a. Jews don't except Mohammed and Jesus


b. Isaac and Ishmael


c. Role of prosperity


d. Eschatology


i. Theories of the end


ii. Heaven and hell and devil


e. Benaielohem


i. Jews don't believe


. Continuities between Christians and Muslims


a. Same god


b. Prophetic lineage


c. Have similar eschatology


d. Both universal


10. Discontinuities between Christians and Muslims


a. Up to Mohammed


b. Prosperity


c. Jihad


11. Muslims


a. Jesus


i. Was a prophet


1. one of the most important


ii. not divine


iii. product of virgin birth


1. just doing that Jesus is divine


iv. he did not die on the cross


1. Jesus barabus story


. could have been drugged to seem dead


. death on the cross


a. vicarious redemption and sin


i. Islam rejects vicarious sin and redemption and original sin


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