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Tuesday, April 20, 2021

Advertising

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Advertising


Advertising is a message designed to promote or sell a product, a service, or an idea.


As rapid globalization continues to produce highly diversified social values and a wide variety of media, the role and function of advertising must be highly mined. In this era of change in consumer awareness and consumption patterns, advertisers must develop efficient communication activities. Advertising reaches people through varied types of mass communication, through radio, reading and the biggest area is through television.


Television reaches all tops audiences. This is why companies and corporations use it to their advantage, promoting a certain product. Advertising is a multibillion-pound industry and in many businesses, sales volume depends on the amount of advertising done. Manufacturers try to persuade people to buy their products. Business firms use advertising to promote an image for their company. Businesses use advertising to gain new customers and increase sales. This is why television can be the most efficient advertising medium, as we, the audience is influenced through slogans and catch phrases that are part of the language. It has given us jingles that are very familiar and some lasting images that we will always associate with that particular product. These effects have to be influential, as it is demanding to tell a compelling story in a short space of time.


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Different adverts are shown at different times and at the peak viewing times, when TV audiences are highest. However minority audiences are also targeted, those with certain interests, who could be influenced by certain goods.


Through analysing advertisements on television, I have noticed how they are shown several times in a short space of time and how a certain slogan or tune is repeated constantly in one advertisement. I have found myself humming the certain tune and thinking of the product being advertised, and in many cases this has been as irritating cycle. However, it is a successful means of influencing people to buy something that they do not necessarily need. Advertising is a cunning, yet booming business and uses a mass number of techniques to promote their goods.


Advertising promotes more than mere products in our popular culture. Because images used in advertising are often idealised, they eventually set the standard which we in turn feel we must live up to. Advertisements serve to show us what the ideal image is, and further tell us how to obtain it. Advertisers essentially have the power to promote positive images or negative images. Unfortunately, most of the roles portrayed by women tend to fit the latter description. It is easy to understand the appeal which these ads hold for men, as they place women in an inferior role; one characterised by helplessness, fragility and vulnerability. Certainly one can not deny that visual images serve to create the ideal female beauty within the material realm of consumer culture. The problem is that if one strays from this ideal, there is the risk of not being accepted by men. Women portrayed in sexual ads are depicted as objects and commodities, to be consumed by men for visual pleasure and by women for self-definition. Any depiction of a woman in scant clothing ultimately makes her look vulnerable and powerless, especially when placed next to a physically stronger man. Studies show that advertisements will concentrate primarily on a womans body parts rather than her facial expressions. Men enjoy these images, and sadly, women tend to try to embody them, regardless of the extent to which they degrade themselves.


The picture before me, illustrated in "Avantaje" magazine, 00, has a girl that I think is trying to be very seductive because of the way that she is moving in a somewhat suave like way. She is also standing in front of a red background, which is a very sexy, seductive colour. Her lipstick is red, her nail polish, her under-eye-shadow, the beads around her, and the perfume bottle itself also are the colour red. It also appears that this girl is wearing a piece of lingerie that is black, which is also very sexy and seductive; also her hair is black, maybe to match her outfit, and is very wild and spontaneous.


From what I see when I look at this picture I think that this advertisement is specifically targeted towards the female and might be telling them that if they buy this product that they will look very seductive as does the girl in the advertisement. It could be putting out the image that if the buyer purchases this product you will be more attractive and more guys will respond to you when you want them to. Or it might be saying that using this fragrance will make you feel great in this type of clothing and your significant other will be at your ankles, wanting you. Another way to look at this picture is in a guys perspective. If a guy saw this advertisement he might be tempted to buy this product because he thinks that it will make his girlfriend want to be more sexy and seductive. He might think that if she wears this perfume she will want to be more active in their love life and will wear little clothes like the girl has on in the picture.


It took me forever to pick out a particular magazine, because of the multitude of womens magazines out there today. I finally decided on Cosmopolitan, because I realized that there really wasnt any difference between any of the womens magazines. Every magazine has a woman on the cover, seemingly perfect, and with a huge smile on her face to boot. Then, also on the cover, I get to see all the articles in the magazine that are going to help me to look better, feel better, and even make my man happier (as if I dont have enough to worry about already). When women look at the cover of Cosmopolitan, they are made to feel inferior to the woman on the cover. They feel inferior because the women on the cover is flawless, seemingly perfect in every way. Women wonder how they can compete with that. Women say to themselves, I wish I could look like her. The cover illustrates to them they are nothing like this woman on the cover, and so they must buy the magazine. The magazines articles give the reader hope that this wish may come true if the articles are read. So in the end, most women buy the magazine. As if the cover wasnt enough, women have to stream through the endless articles of perfume, make-up, and clothing containing the same type of woman that is on the cover . These ads


work in the same way as cover to get you to buy their product. It seems like every other page is a different advertisement urging us to buy, buy, buy.


First, I think that Cosmopolitan's major claim is that they know how to make women look better, and feel better about themselves. Cosmopolitan appeals to its readers by assuming all women feel they have flaws. When these women look at the cover of Cosmopolitan and see a perfect looking woman, and they want to look like that as well. When they see all the articles available in the magazine to help them be like the cover girl, they buy the magazine. A wide range of women read Cosmopolitan (ages 18-45 approximately), so it is easy to market this magazine with its articles on how to get a man, look glamorous, be healthy, and so on. Society pressures women, more than men, to feel that they have to maintain a certain image. The majority of women feel that they need help reinventing themselves into cover girls, and thats where magazines like Cosmopolitan come into play. Women are made to feel if they arent thin, have good hair, and perfect skin, its hopeless for them. Women feel that if they can get help from a magazine, they wont have to go to pay for plastic surgery, or get a personal trainer. All the solutions are right there in front of them for the low cost of 5000 lei, and they can become a new woman right there in the comfort of their own houses. Advertisers in fashion magazines thrive on the fact that women constantly criticize their bodies. By showing actresses and models in fabulous dresses and looking very pretty and skinny, the magazines invite you to find flaws with your body, but then tell you that it's okay because they have a way to fix it. You can tell a lot about our culture from looking at fashion magazines and the ads they contain. So why do we continue to buy these magazines? Because most people are not satisfied with their looks and we probably never will be.


One particular advertisement in Cosmopolitan has to deal with a Ralph Lauren perfume ad. This ad shows a young, white woman who appears very confident. She is looking directly into the camera with the attitude that she is in total control of everything. She has a young, white man, whose face we cannot see, kissing her forehead. The young woman in the ad seems as if she doesnt even notice the man kissing her. She appears as though being kissed is so routine to her that it isnt even that big of a deal anymore. She knows she will always have a man there to kiss her, and this is partly because her use of Ralph Laurens new perfume. The ad gives the impression the young woman would have no man kissing her if it wasnt for her new perfume. The ad illustrates women need a man to be satisfied. It shows not only does she need the perfume to feel confident, but also the man kissing her. The ad is obviously directed towards younger females. This ad says by wearing Ralph Laurens new perfume, men will become attracted to you, and you will be more confident.


There is another perfume ad in Cosmopolitan in which almost the exact same message is relayed to the reader. The ad is for the new perfume Lucky You. The depicts a cute guy sitting at a table, having a milkshake. He is obviously distracted by a young woman with blue eyes and long blonde hair. The man is not distracted by her looks, but her cleavage. She is wearing a shirt, tied up just below her breasts and revealing quite a fair share of cleavage, which is right in the guys face. While the man is looking directly at her breasts, the woman is looking directly into the camera, while eating the cherry off the top of the mans milkshake. Located at the top of the ad are the words, Get Lucky! This ad clearly illustrates to consumers (men and women) if they buy and wear Lucky You perfume, they are sure to get lucky with someone good looking of the opposite sex. . This usually works with consumers in their teens and early twenties because sex is always on their minds. When we take a look at this ad, we just want to go out and get lucky (that can be taken literally or figuratively).


Recently I read FHM ( For Him Magazine ) magazine and one ad in it caught my eyes. It was an ad for cognac and two whole pages were emphasized by various colours. Even though I am not usually interested in alcohol beverages, this ad attracted me. The reason it attracted me is that advertisers use certain techniques to persuade people. This ad fills a social need ; it appeals to people's fun and pleasure, and uses gimmicks that are called 'snob appeal' and 'appeal to excellence'. For these reasons I was interested in the ad. This is a commercial for Courvoisier Cognac. It looks like some place in Europe, a garden in the 18th Century. They are having some picnic in the garden with delicious looking fruits and two bottles of cognac. All the items used in this picture have specialized characters, which represent name of this cognac, "Courvoisier". The colours of the whole picture are very rich and splendid. And the three women in this picture are wearing fashionable make - up on their faces. There is no effective language in this advertisement except the name of the cognac, Courvoisier. This advertisement tries to have classical looks, and it added modern styles on it. As a result it has very unique style of images. Moreover, the main colour over two whole pages, is dark red, which is an outgoing colour by itself, but when it can combine with gold, then it looks very rich and royal. This picture also tries to express just looking like an oil painting, and the three women in this picture act in an excessive way like a play. So in this ad it makes me want this Cognac, although it is not an essential thing for one's life, but the people in this ad are wearing luxury dresses and accessories. And they seem to be relaxed and enjoying their lives. It emphasizes that if you buy this one, you can belong to their higher social class. Therefore, people desire to have it for fulfilling social needs. Advertisers in this ad also use emotions for fun and pleasure. This is one of the ways that can appeal to emotion of consumers. It can arouse feelings of fear, love, pleasure, or vanity. The atmosphere in this ad is very enjoyable. It doesn't look like they have any worries or angers at all. It can tempt one to buy this product just to be as the ad says.


Moreover, the ad influences people to think about their social rank. In this ad, people are having classy picnics, in a garden that looks like it belongs to very rich people. All these luxurious things persuade people to buy this Cognac.


In this ad many things are used to make people pay attention to it. Luxurious materials and the people that seem to enjoy all those things make consumers want to buy this drink because not many people live a life as seen in the ad.


In conclusion, magazines and advertisements know what people want and thats how they sell themselves. Of course, most people dont pay any attention to the ads in the magazines they read. I think ads are made to somehow work on your sub conscience. We may not think were giving any of our attention to the ads, but when we are out shopping well notice products from certain ads. And more than likely gravitate more towards those products rather than products we have never seen or heard of. We see ads in magazines and TV commercials almost everyday. This repetition plants a picture in our minds, so when we go shopping we think of the product happens to be. I dont think this will ever change, because we will always read magazines and watch TV, and they will always have a multitude of ads to show us. The more money a company has, the more it can spend on advertising, and the more money it will make.


The impact of advertising on our society is a fiercely debated topic and has been, since the conception of advertising in its most basic form. There are negative and positive impacts upon society, both socially and economically, from advertising in its various forms. For instance, advertising promoting public welfare has a positive social impact upon society, whereas advertising portraying women as sex objects has negative social impacts. There are also positive economic impacts on society such as providing funding for the media and stimulating an active, competitive economy.


There are a number of proven ways to persuade the consumer that he or she needs the product being advertised. These methods of persuasion, instead of concentrating on the actual product, usually concentrate on the benefits that will be brought to the consumer. These benefits may include the hope of more money and better jobs, popularity and personal prestige, praise from others, more comfort, social advancement, improved appearance, or better health. For example, an automobile advertisement, as well as mentioning the mechanical attributes of the car, would most likely focus on the excitement, prestige and social advancement it may bring the buyer. This social advancement is very often sexual, or involving attraction of the other sex so the car advertisement may also mention the glamorous women/men that the consumer will attract with his/her fancy car. Advertisers sell images and NOT products. When buying a product the consumer instantly thinks of the advertisement tied in with it. Gestures and symbols are very important in advertisements because they are the core meaning. Appeals and environment are also particularly important because they are the base on how to draw the public into buying the product.


Advertising has been blamed for a great variety of negative social impacts. One of the major criticisms received by advertising is that it forces people to buy things they dont really need, often by projecting negative emotions such as fear, anxiety or guilt upon the consumer. It is claimed that advertising plays with our basic human emotions and takes advantage of them, using them as merely another technique to sell goods or services. Advertising also encourages people to buy products by making them think that purchasing and consuming are the major activities of their lives. It is said to also evoke fears of inferiority upon the consumer by depicting the 'normal person as young, attractive, wealthy and successful. This may encourage a person to act on his or her desire for success and, for instance, go out and purchase that particular brand of make-up or perfume hoping to emulate the seeming success of the person depicted in the advertisement.


In opposition, advertisers state that the public is intelligent enough to, and quite capable of, making up its own mind and will definitely not buy anything they dont want or need. People are not inclined to be swayed by false claims that they need a particular product, and will usually be very discriminating in what they take as being true, when it comes to advertising. In fact, advertisers would say that there are many positive social impacts on our society from advertising. Advertising can be used to increase awareness in society about particular issues, and in so doing, becomes a form of education. Anti- drug advertising such as Its ok to say NO, is just an example of how society uses the advertising industry as a means to promote public welfare.


As well as social benefits, there are economic benefits experienced by society, as a result of advertising. Without advertising, the media, including newspaper, television, radio, etc, would be much less vigorous. Advertising provides revenue for commercial mediums that would otherwise need to be funded by the actual consumer of these mediums. For example, a newspaper would cost up to three times as much (since advertising provides two thirds of the revenue of the print media), or all television would be pay-TV (since nearly all revenue for television is provided by advertising, while the consumer provides no financial support except for providing the service of watching the advertising messages). So we can see a major economic infrastructure based around advertising, in which the big companies fund and subsidize the commercial media by way of advertising. The price a consumer may have to pay to receive very cheap, or even free news and entertainment may include sitting through a 0 second advertisement break while watching a prime-time television program, or flicking a couple of extra pages in a magazine to move through the advertisements to get to the articles. Advertising is so important because it is extremely difficult and impractical to attempt to bill the consumer directly.


Some may argue that the economic drawback of advertising in our society is that it raises the price of goods and services. The basis of this argument is that, while companies subsidize the mass media with advertising, we, the consumer, subsidize advertising by paying a grossly increased price for heavily advertised goods and services. For instance, a soap costs under 1.000 to produce, but the consumer might pay around 0.000 lei. A large proportion of the difference obviously supports the heavy advertising television and print media campaigns. In response to this argument, it can be said that advertising stimulates a much more active economy, with vigorous competition between institutions, and higher buying rates of products that leads to lower product costs for the consumer anyway.


The effects upon society brought about by advertising come in mixed forms, depending on the purpose and execution of various campaigns. However, society as we know it is based very heavily upon advertising, and the negative social and economic impacts is not serious enough to outweigh the many positive social and economic effects on our society.


Please note that this sample paper on advertising is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on advertising, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on advertising will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Monday, April 19, 2021

Hypnosis

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on hypnosis. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality hypnosis paper right on time.


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Case Examples


Over the past several years, I have treated with medical hypnosis a number of patients referred to me from SCPMG's Department of Preventive Medicine in San Diego. A brief outline of five cases will illustrate the range of possibilities for treatment and provide examples of the unusual statements made on the home page.


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Case 1


PF# 4688 is a 57 year-old male physician who had a mild, right, posterior inferior cerebellar artery thrombosis demonstrated on cerebral angiography.


Intractable hiccups ensued as a recognized complication of the MRI-demonstrable brain lesion he sustained; they were unresponsive to trials of several medications.


Two weeks after the event, a one and one half hour hypnotherapy session immediately and permanently terminated the hiccups.


Although he did not feel he was hypnotized, he described several psychophysiologic changes that he had never experienced prior to this session a complex visual hallucination, brief but pronounced sialorrhea, and brief periods of marked acoustic and olfactory hyperacuity.


Three months later he suddenly realized that he no longer used the bronchodilator and steroid inhalers previously used twice daily for ten years.


I made no suggestions specifically relevant to the physiologic changes he manifested and was not aware that he had asthma. Seven years later, he remains free of hiccups and asthma; pulmonary function tests are normal.


Case


PF# 604800 is a 41 year-old, obese, chronically depressed, ICU nurse who spent her childhood in an abusive household. She later married an abusive man and developed a pattern where she would have the Sheriff remove her husband during moments of violence and then relent and forgive him.


After one such episode of removal, she compulsively became unable to dispose of the kitchen garbage. She stored this garbage, wrapped in plastic bags, in the bedrooms of her home. She complained to her physician that the odor did not allow her to invite anyone into her home.


Although stating, If my house is dirty, then no man will want to come in my house. she saw no link between this and the problems with her husband


After three hypnotherapy sessions, she spontaneously cleaned her house; she saw no link of this change to the sessions.


I made no specific suggestion during trance that she dispose of the garbage.


Case


PF# 78765 is a 65 year-old housewife, a former war orphan and inmate of Auschwitz and Ravensbruch. Over a ten-year period she had generated 4 volumes of SCPMG medical records, largely centering on recurrent symptoms of being acutely unable to swallow.


She had multiple normal esophagoscopies by two gastroenterologists and also had esophageal dilation carried out a number of times; no obstruction was found.


Three hypnotherapy sessions resolved her problem of choking. She recognized some link of this change to the sessions, stating "I was liberated from my esophagus," an assertion reminiscent of her earlier statement, ". . . when the Russian soldiers liberated me from Ravensbruch." As the photograph demonstrates, her medical utilization plummeted in the 5 years after treatment.


The lower records in the photo are her charts from the ten-year period before hypnotherapy; the upper portion is from the five years after. I gave no direct suggestion relating to choking or dysphagia.


Case 4


PF# 74778 is a 51 year-old, successful professional woman who had a highly abusive childhood. She was seen on an emergency basis because she was concerned that her plan for suicide that day would interfere with her obligation for giving the keynote address at a national meeting later that afternoon.


That is, suicide was not her problem, it was her solution. Her problem was that this solution interfered with her sense of responsibility. A 0 minute hypnotherapy session enabled her successfully to fulfill her obligations. A very few follow up sessions seemed significantly to relieve her depression over the next 18 months.


A videotaped interview with this woman eighteen months later is titled, I'll Be Polite Before I Die and is available from SCPMG's Department of Preventive Medicine.


Case 5


PF# 5877 is a middle-aged woman with demyelinating disease who was seen for treatment of depression that was poorly responsive to anti-depressant medication.


Unexpectedly, she almost immediately had a marked improvement in gait that enabled her to give up using Canadian crutches; her dysarthric speech improved noticeably and her depression reduced. Her physician feels these improvements occurred far too rapidly to attribute to a remission in her illness. They persist two years later.


Healthy Mind Body


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Six Steps to Freedom


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Why Self Hypnosis


Addictions of The 1st Century


Relax and Heal


I have obviously selected examples of dramatically successful cases. Of particular interest, Cases 1 and 5 illustrate that certain significant aspects of organic disease are poorly understood; evidently, they are sometimes altered by processes that imply an involuntary neural or neurochemical control about which we know very little. Focusing on these five clinical examples, two obvious questions are


• How did these beneficial physiologic and behavioral changes occur?


• Why did they occur if they were not specifically suggested?


Historically, medical hypnosis was identified with surgical anesthesia1 and symptom removal. Hypnosis was conceived as something done to a patient. However, we have now evolved from hypnosis that commands away the symptom to a subtler form that is more effective in bringing about basic and long lasting change. These cases illustrate our current understanding that the power of hypnosis resides in the patient. The power of hypnosis certainly does not originate in commands because there were none given in these patients.


Moreover, when enhanced physiologic function occurs, as in Case 1, it must result from release phenomena because biologic functions cannot be inserted. This implies there is a wealth of stored material in the unconscious that can be used in healing. It is this that current medical hypnosis techniques attempt to stimulate.


Hypnosis is useful in medicine because patients often have physical and emotional problems due to unconscious limitation of their capacities. Medical hypnosis helps them break through these limitations to free their unconscious potential for problem solving. Trance and problem-solving are used to circumvent the patient's rigid and learned limitations.4


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What is Hypnosis?


Hypnosis is actually a state of highly focused attention (trance) in which external stimuli are diminished and suggestion becomes far more effective than usual.5


This is a surprisingly undramatic description to those who are familiar only with the commands of stage hypnosis or its often magical depiction in motion pictures; it therefore bears some elaboration.6


When we speak of medical hypnosis, we refer to a special type of interchange between two people, involving trance. Just as an abdominal incision is not treatment but the means through which a surgical treatment may be carried out, hypnotic trance is not a treatment per se, but the framework in which treatment can more effectively be carried out. Trances occur in many levels from rapt attention with eyes open (entranced) to deep states that can resemble somnolence.


It has consistently been determined that the hypnotic trances, whatever their depth, have nothing to do with sleep; they are physiologically characteristic of a waking state. This conclusion was drawn from a number of famous experimental studies in the 10's using such variables as EEG measurements, cerebral circulation, heart rate, respiration, basal metabolism, and various behavioral parameters.7


One easily realizes that important or difficult matters are likely to have complex and covert underpinnings with strong forces in place that block change. Therefore, even though the power of suggestion is greatly increased in trance, one takes certain steps to avoid the patient's rejection of suggestions. Two common ways of avoiding rejection are offering several choices and providing the suggestion as a metaphor.8


Metaphor is the language of the unconscious and often will be accepted when direct suggestion would be rejected. Equally as helpful as suggestion is the observation that, in trance states, we sometimes solve complex problems orgain a fresh perspective. A famous example of the latter is the great German chemist, Kekule, who conceived the structure of the benzene ring after dreaming of a snake swallowing its own tail.10


Dr. Milton Erickson, a physician, psychotherapist, teacher, and arguably the consummate practitioner of medical hypnosis in the 0th century, emphasized the need to individualize hypnotic approaches.11


He felt it was essential for the doctor to accept, evaluate, and utilize the unique aspects of each patient. His often extraordinary results occurred precisely because they activated and further developed what was already within the patient rather than trying to impose something from the outside that might be unacceptable for that individual's personality.


While easy to describe, and perhaps even to understand, this is difficult to accomplish without extensive practice. To understand what can be accomplished in medical hypnosis, and to obtain a detailed explanation of the underlying concepts, I suggest you read The February Man.


This monograph providing a verbatim transcript and detailed explanation of one remarkable case that Dr. Erickson definitively treated in four sessions, during which the patient felt he was merely obtaining background information as the prelude to treatment.1


In this approach, all symptoms may be viewed as signals. In medical hypnosis we are asking, "What is this patient trying to tell us with a headache, chronic fatigue, or a recurring, stress-related skin disorder?"


We are accepting of the symptom/signal and then facilitate creative processes that may transform the negative aspects of the symptom into therapeutic responses.1


Emotional understandings can be profound, yet totally unconscious. Some patients may present through their own imagery a metaphor about their emotions that is ultimately helpful in expanding their conscious understanding, leading to more awareness about their difficulties.14 Here is an example of what you might do with a patient complaining of headaches "Tell me what you are experiencing with that headache right now.


How can you best describe the feelings or sensations? Just continue to receive whatever comes to you all by itself now, only telling me what I really need to know to help you further. I wonder what it is. Only tell me what I need to know to help you further."


Medical hypnosis is thus quite different from the 'command' performance of stage hypnosis. Stage hypnosis depends heavily on the rapid ability to select from an audience subjects who are readily hypnotizable.15 Moreover, stage hypnosis is highly directed as to outcome. "You will sing like Frank Sinatra, quack like a duck, etc." This can be dramatic and engaging, but has limited utility.


By contrast, physicians do not have the luxury of case selection based on perceived ease of outcome. In fact, the resolution to many patient problems is so complex that we must totally depend on the unconscious processes of the patient to conceive the resolution.16 For example, in none of the cases discussed were the outcomes suggested. Indeed, some of the outcomes were quite unanticipated. Attempting to cure by specific direction and command has a high failure rate because of the often unrecognized complexity underlying most patient problems.17


Medical hypnosis or therapeutic trance involves carefully planned extensions of certain everyday processes of normal living. This careful planning places significant demands on the hypnotherapist and initially requires an allocation of uninterrupted time.18


This, the need for experience from frequent use, and the unfamiliar therapeutic use of metaphor are probably the factors that explain the infrequent use of hypnosis in medicine today even though a surprising number of physicians have been trained in its use. Nevertheless, when such treatment plans are well made and executed, significant change can occur in hypnotherapy. We have seen the initial investment of time in this manner save large amounts of physician time later on. Case is a clear illustration.


Healthy Mind Body


Mental Physical Wellbeing


Six Steps to Freedom


Self Hypnosis


Why Self Hypnosis


Addictions of The 1st Century


Relax and Heal


By now it should be clear that medical hypnosis is quite different from most forms of psychotherapy, particularly those that are insight-based. This is an advantage with patients who are not introspective, who are amnesic, or who are unwilling to reflect on the psychological significance of particular events in their lives1. The potential loss of insight is of little matter because insight has been shown to have poor correlation with outcomes.0


One of the great surprises of medical hypnosis is that beneficial change can be wrought without the patient's awareness. Cases 1, , and 5 are illustrative of benefit without understanding or insight. However, medical hypnosis can be and is used as an adjunct to conventional psychotherapy. M. Gerald Edelstein, MD, a psychiatrist from The Permanente Medical Group, has written a definitive textbook of medical hypnosis based on his experiences in Kaiser Permanente. By way of amusing contrast, I once successfully treated the secretary of another Permanente psychiatrist who freely proclaimed ". . . hypnosis doesn't work." She did not share her treatment choice with her employer. Thus far, we have discussed hetero-hypnosis; an interesting variant of this is self-hypnosis. Self-hypnosis involves the same processes, but is carried out under one's own direction., 1 It often is initially facilitated through hetero-hypnosis. I teach it to most of my patients as a way of providing affordable reinforcement on a daily basis. There are some similarities to meditation.


Definition Hallucination, figment of the imagination, Phantasm, mirage, illusion, nightmare (dream), delusion, fantasy, delirium.


To experience and be aware of an image or perception


by creation, invention or formation of neuronal activity within the brain or spinal cord


of a sensation, entity or impression of an external stimuli


which does not exist or appear to exist at that time, location and with that structure.


Occur normally in dreaming (REM), can also be associated with mental diseases


Diseases


1. Schizophrenia-Auditory, Hallucination, Hear Voices, From TV, God's Voice Commanding them


. Epilepsy-Aura-Olfactory, Taste, Also primary sensations of Somatosensory, Visua (Lights), Auditory (Sounds) Hallucination


. Alzheimer's Disease-Visual (Very Rare)


4. Alcoholism Withdrawal-Delirium Tremors-Somatosensory Hallucinations


5. Intense Fear, Paranoia …Hear Sounds


Drug Induced


Hallucinogens psychedelics; mind altering drugs


Psychotropic


10% lifetime prevalence; 0% dependency


Naturally ocurring in 100s of plants, Alkaloids


Used for 1000s of years Aztecs, Mayans, etc Almost always Religious Cermony


More recently man-made (LSD, designer drugs)


I. Indolamine


Psilocybin (Magic Mushroom)


Cohoba epena, S American snuff


Bufotenine (frog skin, angry)…WEB site for ordering


Synthetic DET, 5-methoxy DMT (Cohoba) (Businessman high-short action-45 min)


Mechanism of Action


5-HT receptor agonist - hallucination, visual, cortical processing malfunction


5-HT1A receptor agonist- well being, euphoria, stops cocktail, all information equally processed-delusions, religious experience, mind expanding, one with universe, birth experience - many of changes similar to schizophrenia (Psychiatrist heavy users in 150-60).


II. Phenethylamine (amphetamine backbone)


Mescaline ,natural- peyote


- cactus


- Native American Church


Carlos Castenella- Conversations with Don Juan


Eat 5-6 buttons, vomit, get high


Designer Drugs (Shulgin) STP - Serenity, Tranquillity and Peace


MDA


MDMA - Ecatasy, more serotonin


MOA acts as dopamine and norepinephrine agonist


Nausea, Psychosis, Racing, Mania…Panic Attacks


Designers made them more 5-HTA- hallucination, mind expanding


Not 5-HT1A- Peace, insights, tranquillity, euphoria, well-being


III. LSD-Like


Rye Fungus, St Anthonys Fire-delirium, hallucinations, delusions


Caused abortions, gangrene (Effects of Vasodilation)


Ergot Alkaloids


LSM- Bananas, morning glory seeds


Synthetic Albert Hoffman, 15 - LSD5, migraine drug for Sandoz (Delysid)


MOA 5-HTA receptor (works on glutamate system, all pyramidal neurons)and Dopamine, very potent


5-HT1A receptor antagonist (Increased firing)


Hoffman and Osmond- Use in psychotherapy, alcoholism and terminal patients (accept death)


Timothy Leary- Harvard Psychologist


LSD Banned in 165


Problems Flashbacks Leaves deep memort traces


Psychosis underlying deficit


Bad Trip Loss control of situation, emotions, fear terror


Accidents Loss sense of reality


IV. Anticholinergics


V.


Natural Scopolamine, lyoscine, muscarine


Magic Mushrooms (Northern Europe), Barsarks- berserk, Vikings, Finlands- terror, rape, savage rage, feared throughout Europe


Jimson Weed, Mandrake roots (Shakespeare Witchs Brew), Deadly nightshade


MOA Hippocampus Delirium, memory loss, dementia


Amydala and Septum- Rage, violence, anger


Also euphoria and anxiety


Loss of insight


No synthetic drugs


VI. Amino-Acid Targets


Increase GABA (Main inhibitory transmitter), Decrease Glutamate (Main excitatory transmitter)


Gama-hydrozybuyrate


Phencyclidine (PCP)


Ketamine


Similar to Anticholinergics delirium, memory loss, violence, rage, lack of judgement...cortical disconnect


Major Disadvantage Violent crime, injuries


Coma, respiratory depression, DEATH


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How does Shelley evoke a sense of horror in Chapters 4 and 5 where she describes the construction and 'birth' of the creature? Do you think she was successful in awakening thrilling horror, making the reader dread to look around, curdling the blood and qu

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Mary Shelley wrote this novel in 1816, after a nightmare, when she was just 18 years old. Mary, her husband and the poet Lord Byron were snowed in inside a villa in Switzerland. They discussed ideas of scientists, God and the powers each possesses. In the nineteenth century, science was a relatively new idea but it was very controversial, as many people felt threatened by it. They decided that science was trying to overpower religion and endeavouring to shatter all Christian beliefs about life. There were ideas about how a body came to life; Christians believed God gave it a soul, and scientists considered the body solely parts linked together. This is why Frankenstein was considered a horror story, as it explored how powerful science really was and also the dangers resulting in playing God.


Shelley uses a number of techniques throughout Chapters 4 and 5 to evoke a sense of horror, including the language that is used. Victor's personal thoughts during these Chapters, give us, as readers, an insight into the mind of a man who wants to discover the cause of life and be remembered thereafter, " A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me." (p51). Also the fact that Victor recognizes himself being in a position which is at the boundary of attained scientific knowledge, and unknown theories, which could revolutionise the way scientists thought, "I found so astonishing a power placed within my hands" (p51). We are also told what Victor intends to do, "I began the creation of a human being." (p51). These thoughts shock the readers as they probably feel that no one should try and take God's place in giving life. These would have been particularly disconcerting in the Victorian era, when the 'Religion vs. Science' battle was underway. However in Chapter 5, after the creation of his 'human being', he is filled with regret as he realizes he will not be known as the first person to create a man, but a monster.


The research that Victor carries out in order to create this being is equally frightening. The descriptions are very detailed and are certainly enough to send a shiver down the spine. We are informed of how committed Victor is to his work, he says he was, "engaged, heart and soul, in the pursuit of some discoveries which I hoped to make." (p48). We can see he was devoted to his work and determined to succeed. We also learn, "Two years passed in this manner, during which I paid no visit to Geneva." (p48) This shows that he cut himself off from family, friends and even his future wife so as to complete his experiments. We also learn that not only did he spend two years straight on this project, that he also spent day and night, without sleeping, trying to figure out the cause of life," Soon (I) became so ardent and eager that the stars often disappeared in the light of morning whilst I was yet engaged in my laboratory." (p48). This gives readers the image of Victor being compared to a zombie, which is rather alarming how much time was spent doing immoral research and experiments. We also get another image, "The moon gazed on my midnight labours" (p5). As evil spirits are associated with night, particularly around midnight, it suggests he is evil and this almost compares him to a werewolf due to this night factor.


The mention of the moon also suggests that only the moon knows what he has done, as he used the cover of darkness, when people were asleep. We are told that the two years of research was full of mainly failures than successes, but Victor would not give up, "Sometimes on the brink of certainty, I failed; yet still I clung to the hope which the next day or next hour might realize." (p5). This shows how deep Victor's determination for success is, which in itself is frightening, as he would have to have done many immoral and revolting procedures in each failed experiment within that long time span. It also seems that Victor has failed to consider the consequences of his actions.


Cheap custom writing service can write essays on How does Shelley evoke a sense of horror in Chapters 4 and 5 where she describes the construction and 'birth' of the creature? Do you think she was successful in awakening thrilling horror, making the reader dread to look around, curdling the blood and qu


"Now I was led to examine the cause and progress of this decay and forced to spend days and nights in vaults and charnel-houses" (p4). This is disturbing for the reader as the very thought of being in the presence of dead bodies is sickening, never mind watching and recording their decaying process. Victor says he was "forced" to research in tombs and rooms where bones were stored, when it is obvious he forced himself to visit them. This is an example of his own ambitions and obsession as he spent so much time in unnatural places. We also wonder how any sane person could cope being among the dead, but then Victor tells us, "a churchyard was to me merely the receptacle of bodies deprived of life." (p4), so we can conclude that he shut off all his emotions and his fear. It is rather horrific that Victor did not consider a graveyard as sacred or holy, but a place for materials, and those bodies to him were just parts and not deceased human beings. We can see that he has a lack of respect for the dead and possesses purely immoral thoughts.


In regards to the grave digging he carries out, he says, "I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave" (p5).


This is a disgusting image as it suggests that Victor frantically dug into the ground with his hands in order to obtain his human materials. The word "dabbled" is usually associated with sorcery, which suggests he is evil. Victor tells us he, "…tortured the living animal to animate the lifeless clay" (p5) which gives an image of him finding other creatures like worms and he disturbed their habitat just to get body parts.


Shelley gives us a horrific, detailed description of his workshop and how he hides his work from everyone on page 5, "I collected the bones from charnel-houses… I brought my work near to a conclusion". Victor acknowledges his workshop as a "slaughter-house", "dissecting room" and "my workshop of filthy creation". The fact he calls his experimental room these names suggest he's aware what he is doing is wrong and gives various disgusting images to the reader. The slaughterhouse reference makes us think of slit throats, and therefore a visual image of blood covering the laboratory. The dissecting room reference shows that he cuts up bodies for research and this makes us feel uneasy as it suggests that body parts were lying around the room, decaying naturally, and therefore giving off a nauseating smell.


We now view a different side of Victor than was seen at the beginning of the book, when he was content and respectful. Victor tells us that throughout the two years of research, "I grew alarmed at the wreck I perceived that I had become; the energy of my purpose alone sustained me" (p54).


Throughout Chapter 4, we are given many images of pregnancy and birth, as the creation of the being is compared to being born. These images are not necessarily directly connected to the being's creation, sometimes with actions of Victor himself. Images of the baby growing inside the womb and the conception process are given by phrases such as, "Who shall conceive the horrors of my secret toil" (p5) and "I did not watch the blossom or the expanding leaves" (p5). Images of labour are given by quotes such as, "unrelaxed and breathless eagerness" making us think of giving birth and "a resistless and almost frantic impulse urged me forward" (p5), which makes us think of contractions.


The work Victor carries out is frequently referred to as labour, which suggests he considers it as painful, taxing and tiring as the labour a woman goes through. For example, "After days and nights of incredible labour and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life" (p50), "my painful labour" (p50), "inconceivable difficulty and labour" (p51) and "my labours would soon end" (p54).


We are also given images of actually giving birth, "No one can conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onwards" (p51) and "I could not tear my thoughts from my employment" (p5).


The power of pregnancy is conveyed as the being Victor brings to life is referred to a "creation", and suggests the woman is powerful as she has the ability to create a new life. This is why using all the images of pregnancy are horrific to readers as they are used in comparison with the creation process. Pregnancy is seen as a natural and wonderful experience, but in contrast Victor's creation of the being is unnatural, immoral and disturbing.


On the actual night of Victor giving the body life, the atmosphere which exists is frightening and is enough to make the reader sense something awful is going to happen as a result of Victor's ambition. We are told the date setting is "a dreary night in November" (p55) at one in the morning and that the weather was bad, "rain pattered dismally" (p55). We are also told that Victor worked almost in darkness with the exception of a "half-extinguished light" a candle. Victor later reminds us of the weather as being "dismal and wet" (p57) and when he runs out of his laboratory to avoid his creation he becomes, "drenched by the rain which fell from a black and comfortless sky." (p57).


Shelley does however leave an air of mystery as to how the creature is actually created, this is frightening as it leaves us to our own devices, and the imagination is a powerful tool which could conjure up many horrific theories as to how this deed was done. Although Shelley does suggest electricity is used in the creation process, "I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet." (p55).


The first thing the creature does when it comes to life repulses the readers and makes us feel uncomfortable, "I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open". This suggests disease as it is yellow, and also the thought of being looked at straight in the face by this creature is fear-provoking.


We must also remember what the being actually looks like. The descriptions given, with a few exceptions, describe how a baby looks after being born. On page 55-56 Victor describes his creature's physical appearance. We are told its limbs were in proportion, that it has "watery eyes" (p55) and that its complexion was "shrivelled" (p55). Here Shelley compares the being to a new born baby, which reminds the readers how unnatural and immoral Victor's action were.


We are also told the being was "of gigantic structure" (p51) and "8 foot tall" in Chapter 4, so this is reinforced on page 55. We are informed on page 55 that "his (the being's) yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath", that it had "lustrous" black hair, black lips, and "teeth of pearly whiteness". This description is repulsive in itself, and makes us feel disgusted and sick at the thought of gazing upon this being.


Victor calls his creation many things such as "wretch" (p56), "miserable monster" (p56), "catastrophe" (p55) and "hideous guest" (p5), which give us as readers an idea of how terrifying the creation's appearance is. He also tells us how he feels about the experience and how much he had previously considered this day to be a day that would live in infamy, "I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation" (p55) and how he wishes he'd never brought the body to life, "but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream had vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart" (p55).


The first thing Victor does after bringing the being to life is rushing out of the laboratory, collapsing on his bed and falling into a deep sleep. During this sleep he dreams about his fiance Elizabeth, but has a premonition of her death. This is ironic as his life could be compared to a nightmare and lets the readers decide why the dream is significant.


As soon as Victor awakens from his dream, the creature is standing over him and reaches to grab him. This is a frightening image which has also been portrayed in many other horror novels and films. It is used as it makes the audience or readers feel unsettled and occasionally they would feel the need to look behind them to ensure nothing was there that could harm them. Shelley is suggesting by this image that the creation is a living nightmare from which he cannot escape and emphasises that it will always be around. We can tell that Victor himself is afraid of the creation, firstly because he calls it hideous and ugly, and secondly due to the detailed descriptions of the physical symptoms that he experiences, "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered and every limb became convulsed" (p56). These symptoms make readers empathise with Victor and we can almost feel his fear. Victor then describes how he's feeling and the position he is in by quoting a stanza from the poem 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' on page 57. This shows that he cannot find the words to express himself and so must use the words of another. The line, "…a frightful fiend/ Doth close behind him tread" describes how Victor feels about the creation. He knows it will never leave him in peace and he will always have to look over his shoulder.


Victor then runs into his old friend that he hasn't seen since he started his research, Henry Clerval. This meeting takes Victor's mind off what has happened briefly as he feels "calm and serene joy" (p58) but this emphasises to us as readers how unusual what Victor did was and the fact he comes across a scientist who doesn't do anything like that, is a contrast. Also the fact he hasn't seen Clerval for two years emphasises how cut off from society and normality he has been. Shelley places the incident of Victor and Clerval immediately after the bringing to life of the creature to give the readers a break from the scary, unnatural descriptions. The tension steadily built up throughout the two Chapters and the meeting can be considered an anti-climax, but the tension re-surfaces as Victor proceeds to bring Clerval back to his apartment. Victor "trembled excessively" (p58) at the thought of his creation being in the apartment waiting for him when he returned. Victor walked back "with a quick pace" (p58) and he tells us "a cold shivering came over me" (p58). He also comments, "I dreaded to behold the monster, but I feared still more that Henry should see him" (p58) which conveys his emotions at that particular moment towards the prospect of the monster anticipating his return.


To add more tension to this moment, Victors tells us he "threw the door forcibly open…but nothing appeared." (p58-5) and he remarks, "I stepped fearfully in the apartment was empty and my bedroom was also freed from its hideous guest." (p5). This gives the readers a sigh of relief, but they know that the creature will return in some form. It also gives them an incentive to read on and they await events in Victor's future regarding the 'miserable monster' he has created.


In conclusion, I feel Mary Shelley achieved exactly what she set out to do. She wanted to write a story to "awaken thrilling horror one to make the reader dread to look around, to curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart" (p7) and with the evidence I have gathered, I feel she has done just that mainly with the use of language and her gory, terrifying descriptions of research, creation and what the creature does once it has been given life. It is a well-written and enjoyable book with a sense of horror throughout.


Please note that this sample paper on How does Shelley evoke a sense of horror in Chapters 4 and 5 where she describes the construction and 'birth' of the creature? Do you think she was successful in awakening thrilling horror, making the reader dread to look around, curdling the blood and qu is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on How does Shelley evoke a sense of horror in Chapters 4 and 5 where she describes the construction and 'birth' of the creature? Do you think she was successful in awakening thrilling horror, making the reader dread to look around, curdling the blood and qu, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on How does Shelley evoke a sense of horror in Chapters 4 and 5 where she describes the construction and 'birth' of the creature? Do you think she was successful in awakening thrilling horror, making the reader dread to look around, curdling the blood and qu will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Friday, April 16, 2021

Cespenar

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Cespenars Forge


Note All of this equipment is forged by Cespenar, the Imp in the Abyssal Fortress. You must have Throne of Bhaal installed to gain access to these items. For locations of some of the components, see our Equipment Section.


Angurvadal +5


Buy cheap cespenar term paper


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Angurvadal +4 - Loot from Githyanki Captain on the fourth level of Watchers Keep


Liquid Mercury - Found in small pool in Sendais Enclave


10,000 Gold Pieces


Aslyferund Elven Chain +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Bladesinger Chain +4 - Loot from Nizidramaniiyt in Suldanesselar


Scroll of Protection From Normal Weapons - Various Locations


40,000 Gold Pieces


Axe of the Unyielding +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Axe of the Unyielding + - Loot from Rock the minotaur on the fourth floor of Watchers Keep


Baalors Claw - Loot from Brennan the Fire Giant on the second floor of Yaga-Shuras lair


5,000 Gold Pieces


Bag of Plenty +


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Bag of Plenty +1 - Found in Yaga-Shuras chambers on the second floor of Yaga-Shuras lair


Kings Tear - Various Locations


5,000 Gold Pieces


Blessed Bracers


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Paladins Bracers - Found in chest on first floor of Watchers Keep


10,000 Gold Pieces


Blue Dragon Plate


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Blue Dragon Scales - Loot from Abazigal in his lair


5,000 Gold Pieces


Carsomyr +6


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Carsomyr +5 - Loot from Firkraag the red dragon on the third floor of the Windspear Hills dungeon


Eye of Tyr - Loot from Odamaron the lich in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Case of Plenty +


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Case of Plenty +1 - Loot from a bookshelf on the first floor of Watchers Keep


Kings Tear - Various locations


10,000 Gold Pieces


Circlet of Netheril


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Circlet of Netheril - Loot from Chromatic Demon on second floor of Watchers Keep


Bronze Ioun Stone - Found in cot on the first floor of the Saradush Prison


5,000 Gold Pieces


Clay Golem Manual


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Golem Manual - Found on bookshelf on the first floor of Watchers Keep


Clay Golem Page - Found in Rock the Minotaurs cubic safe


5,000 Gold Pieces


Club of Detonation +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Club of Detonation + - Loot from Ferrumach Rilmani on the fifth floor of Watchers Keep


Ring of Fire Resistance - Various Locations


5,000 Gold Pieces


Dagger of the Star +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Dagger of the Star +4 - Loot from Demilich in the Githyanki lair on the fourth level of Watchers Keep


5 Star Sapphires - Various Locations


5,000 Gold Pieces


Darkfire Bow +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Darkfire Bow +4 - Loot from Mercenary Captain in Amkethran


Bowstring of Gond - Loot from Captain Egeissag in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Erinne Sling +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Erinne Sling +4 - Loot from Azamantes the lich on the fifth floor of Watchers Keep


5,000 Gold Pieces


Firetooth +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Firetooth +4 - Purchased from Sister Garlena on the outside perimeter of Watchers Keep


Bowstring of Gond - Loot from Captain Egeissag in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Flail of Ages +4


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Flail of Ages + - Created with three flail heads using the hidden forge in deArnise Keep


Poison Flail Head - Found in slime pool on the second floor of Watchers Keep


5,000 Gold Pieces


Flail of Ages +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Flail of Ages +4 - Forged by Cespenar the Imp, see above


Electric Flail Head - Loot from Abazigal in his lair


5,000 Gold Pieces


Foebane +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Foebane + - Loot from statue on first floor of Watchers Keep


Fflars Scabbard - Found in chest on second floor of the Saradush Prison


5,000 Gold Pieces


Gram the Sword of Grief +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Gram the Sword of Grief +5 - Loot from Abazigal in his lair


Heart of the Damned - Loot from Odamaron the lich in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Heartwood Ring


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Oaken Ring - Loot from Priest of Waukeen in Amkethran


Nymphs Tear - Found in container leaning against wall in the Forest of Mir


5,000 Gold Pieces


Helm of the Rock


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Helm of the Rock - Loot from Fire Giant on second level of Watchers Keep


Right Horn - Loot from Ice Golem on second level of Watchers Keep


Left Horn - Found in container on second level of Watchers Keep


5,000 Gold Pieces


Hindos Doom +4


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Hindos Doom + - Loot from dragon during Courage test on the fifth level of Watchers Keep


Hindos Hand - Loot from monk prisoner in Abazigals Lair


5,000 Gold Pieces


Improved Cloak of Protection +


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Cloak of Protection + - Found in chest after completing the imps riddle in the Sahuagin City


Scroll of Invisibility - Various Locations


Scroll of Improved Haste - Various Locations


0,000 Gold Pieces


Ixils Spike +6


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Ixils Spike - Loot from Chromatic Demon on the second floor of Watchers Keep


Ixils Nail +4 - Found in pool during Stamnia test on fifth floor of Watchers Keep


5,000 Gold Pieces


Juggernaut Golem Manual


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Stone Golem Manual - Forged by Cespenar the Imp, see below


Juggernaut Golem Page - Found on table on the eyeball level of Abazigals Lair


15,000 Gold Pieces


Montolios Cloak


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Montolios Cloak - Reward from Omar Haraad in Amkethran for saving his daughter Asana


Montolios Clasp - Found in mouth of dragon head in the Githyanki lair on the fourth level of Watchers Keep


5,000 Gold Pieces


Quiver of Plenty +


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Quiver of Plenty +1 - Loot from an armoire on the first floor of Watchers Keep


Rogue Stone - Various locations


10,000 Gold Pieces


Purifier +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Purifier +4 - Found in tall stone in one of the maze rooms on the third floor of Watchers Keep [must be Lawful-Good to obtain]


Eye of Tyr - Loot from Odamaron the lich in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Ravager +6


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Ravager +4 - Loot from Imix on the second floor of Yaga-Shuras lair


Serpent Shaft - Loot from Azamantes the lich on the fifth floor of Watchers Keep


5,000 Gold Pieces


Runehammer +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Runehammer +4 - Loot from Yaga-Shura in Siege Camp


Rune of Clangeddin - Found in a locked chest in Woodcutters home in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Short Sword of Mask +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Short Sword of Mask +4 - Purchased from Sister Garlena on the outside perimeter of Watchers Keep


Heart of the Damned - Loot from Odamaron the lich in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Spectral Brand +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Spectral Brand +4 - Can be won in card game with Aesgareth on the third level of Watchers Keep


Skull of the Lich - Found inside pipe near the exit from Odamarons lair in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Staff of the Ram +6


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Staff of the Ram +4 - Loot from Saladrex the dragon on the fourth level of Watchers Keep


Roranachs Horn - Loot from Gromnir on second floor of Gromnirs Stronghold


5,000 Gold Pieces


Stone Golem Manual


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Clay Golem Manual - Forged by Cespenar the Imp, see above


Stone Golem Page - Found in locked wall container on the second floor of Yaga-Shuras lair


10,000 Gold Pieces


Storm Star +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Storm Star + - Obtained by pressing Triangular Button, Green Dial, and Medium Lever on the Machine of Lum the Mad on the fourth level of Watchers Keep


Starfall Ore - Found in a cabinet in Kiser Jhaeris basement in Saradush


5,000 Gold Pieces


Taralash +5


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Taralash +4 - Loot from the Huntress on the fifth level of Watchers Keep


Bowstring of Gond - Loot from Captain Egeissag in Sendais Enclave


5,000 Gold Pieces


Thieves Hood


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Thieves Hood - Reward from Karashur for bringing him Tahazzars heart on the third floor of Watchers Keep


Antidote Potion - Various Locations


Ring of Invisibility - Various Locations


10,000 Gold Pieces


White Dragon Scale


Whats Needed & Location(s)


White Dragon Scales - Found in Demon Wraiths room on the third floor of Watchers Keep


5,000 Gold Pieces


Wondrous Gloves


Whats Needed & Location(s)


Bards Gloves - Found on symbol of Torm in Yakmans room on the third floor of Watchers Keep


Diamond - Various Locations


Emerald - Various Locations


Rogue Stone - Various locations


Ruby - Various Locations


Sapphire - Various Locations


10,000 Gold Pieces


6 - After you have finished up areas 4 & 5 head to the room between & 6 (torch room). Now that you have all the oils and the flint, light the torches in the pattern shown by the colored tiles Which are


Left Right


Red Blue


Red Purple


Purple Red


This should open the door to area 6. Of course, it isnt unguarded. The Rock and Garock minotaurs summon up some Frost Salamander friends to block your path. A few pets to keep the salamanders busy while you mow down the brothers will make this a quick fight. The Rock drops the Axe of Unyielding + and you can loot the room for the Crystal Mallet, which is used to break Carston out of Lums Machine back at area #1.


7 - Return to the central chamber and click on the crystal part of the machine. You need to tap the crystal six times to break the cage open and release Carston. From here you can let him go or kill him, whichever you feel he diserves. He has a journal that tells the combination to the next level, so try and get that from him. Now it is time to use all those odd scrolls Lum has left littered around the Keep. Remember, only use these combinations ONCE!


Here are the codes that are listed in the notes


Triangle Button, Red Wheel, Medium Lever = Opens the door to Level 5


Triangle Button, Green Wheel, Medium Lever = Storm Star +4 Mace


Red Wheel, Green Wheel, Short Lever = Permanent +1 to Charisma


Blue Wheel, Green Wheel, Long Lever = Permanent +5% to Magic Resistance


Square Button, Short Lever, Medium Lever = Permanent +1 to Strength


Circle Button, Blue Wheel, Long Lever = Permanent +1 to Intelligence


Square Button, Blue Wheel, Short Lever = Permanent +1 to Dexterity


Circle Button, Square Button, Triangle Button = Permanent +1 to Wisdom


Circle Button, Red Wheel, Long Lever = Permanent +1 to Constitution


Opening the door to level 5 grants you 5k XP per member and you are ready to take on the finale.


1 - Zone in area. It is safe for now but you will do your best to make this area a challenge! First you have to complete the quests at , , & 4.


- I really hate Mutated Spiders. Theyre easy to kill but that poison is not friendly. Have ranged attacks and maybe a pet to soak the poison for you. Once you are inside the room, click on the floor in the center of the four pillars. This will take you through a short story and then proceed to give you the option of pushing colored buttons for orbs. Each time you push a button for an orb, a series of monsters will spawn. This isnt an overly challenging area, especially if you are ready for the spawns and disrupt the mages as soon as they appear. After you have the four orbs, place them in the color corresponding pillars and you will get the first key.


- The room of the three tests. A Helmite Ghost greets you and says that you must complete the tests before continuing on. I would suggest starting with the far right room first. It is the easiest and might level some characters.


Right door - An Imp will put you through an IQ test of sorts. His first riddle is about brothers and sisters. The answer is 7. Next you will play a game about drawing coins. To win, start by taking , then , and finally 1. (,,1). Congratulations, you pass the first test and earn some experience. Loot the room for some odds & ends but one chest is trapped.


Left door - This is the next easiest and would make a good second door. Inside is a horde of Orcs (warriors, archers, mages). They arent very difficult but keep spawning. You have to keep hammering away until the ghost appears and congratulates you on enduring the horde. Protection from fire might help here but overall it is an easy room. Loot the pool in the middle of the room for Ixils Nail +4.


Middle Door - This is the only challenging one. A green dragon is your opponent. I found him easier than Saladrex but use your usual dragon tactics and you will receive all sorts of goodies. The Warriors Skull used in area #4, a th level spell, Hindos Doom + and some coin.


4 - After completing the tests at area #, take the skull here. When you open the door a couple Fire Giant butlers greet you. Dispatch them and use the alter in the middle of the room. This takes you to a dream sequence of sorts. You can only control the spirit warrior through menu commands (so I couldnt take a screenshot of the map). Ill list the basics.


From starting point -


East - Kill the goblin.


East - Kill skeleton and loot chest.


North - Kill the dog and search the room for a key & potion.


West - Look around and loot the scroll.


West - Dont drink from the fountain or you will take damage.


North - Kill the spirit and loot the helm from the chest.


East - empty room.


East - Loot desk for a pair of bracers.


North - Either use the scroll you looted earlier to scare the giberling off or fight it.


West - Loot the chest for a greater heal potion.


West - Kill the zombie and you have the final key.


5 - Back to #1 and time for things to get really interesting. In the center of the room there is a circle pattern on the floor surrounded by three short columns. These are the keyholes. Place each key in the hole by click on them only once! Each key you place gives you experience. This may level some of your characters up and you will probably need it for the upcoming fights. Ready your best battle spells, heal, and rest. Do all your summons, buffs, ect. Also, dig out all the wands you have, most importantly the wands of spell striking.


Now start with the upper right key slot and click on it another time to begin opening the portal. This action causes several Ferrumanch Rilman and a Aurumch Rilman to spawn. This is by far the easiest spawn. The Aurumch casts Time Stop if you let him so it might be wise to take him down fast. The Ferrumach arent all that hard but will provide a challenge. After this first fight you may want to heal and rest. You will be able to loot the Club of Detonation + after this fight.


Next turn the key on the bottom pillar. This spawn is quite a bit more difficult. A few flaming skulls (they look like Demi-Lichs surrounded by flaming aura) spawn to protect Azamonte and difficult caster. He will cast imprisonment so use a lot of pets and take him down fast, ignoring the skulls. (note My Deva was imprisoned and I was not able to summon another for the final fight, even after it said the Deva had unspawned.)


The big-un! Left pillar key slot. This is simply the hardest fight I have ever encountered in Baldurs Gate II. Reload was my savoir here. Here is how I finally defeated it. I did the usual rest, heal, summon, buff. Then I gathered my party by the exit portal. When you activate this spawn, you get a rather diverse set of toys. A Nalmissra, Ytossi, Hive Mother, Yei Win Toh, Amoralis, Zauviir, and The Huntress. I had my whole force sitting where the Nalmissra (basically a really hard succubus) spawns and took her down as soon as she appeared. Otherwise you lose half your party to charm. In this same surge I took out the Ytossi. The Ytossi, a snake/human combination, has a horrid poison. From here, it is your call but I retreated to the portal and took it to regroup. After Rezn, healing, ect. I moved back inside. This round you wont have much time to summon pets but cast a few quick ones (item summons work well) to soak some of the damage and get a major part of your force on The Huntress. This took everything I had, then a quick retreat to the portal and I even lost two party members. (You may want to snag the bow she drops before retreating). After another round of rest, rez, and heal I was ready for the remaining monsters. A quick charge in took out Yei Win Tah (a dual wielder) and the cleric (either Amoralis or Zauviir). I finished the other then went after Mom. The Hive Mother is found of death fingers, which made beating her difficult when she was near death and fingered my protagonist. However, after removing Nalmissras charm, Ytossis poison and that Huntresss bow, this fight became exponentially easier. I imagine this battle will have several strategy submissions. All I have to say is Gluck.


6 - You are done! Click on the machine like thing at the top of the circle and it opens the portal to level 6 and the Imprisoned One. Have fun!


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Thursday, April 15, 2021

Change management

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1


The Scout Association


1 Introduction


The changes facing the Association are large and will take a lotof work and time over the next three years. The aim of this


document is to describe how this change can be managed and


the work distributed. In particular, it uses a Change Champion


(the Area/County Commissioner) to keep an overall view of the


change, and a Change Agent (usually someone other than the


Area/County Commissioner) to manage the project in detail.


There are a lot of theories about managing change particularly


in large organisations. There are two theories that might help us


through the period of change that the Association is about to


enter. One places more emphasis on systems and processes


whilst the other places more emphasis on the people involved.


To be successful, we need to balance these two approaches


managing change with the people involved and doing so in a


systematic manner.


The model for the Association


The change management model (see page ) suggested for this


project is described in five steps. Some of these steps may


overlap which is fine so long as you are clear about where you


are going overall.


For each of these steps in the change management process,


the following sections describe what should be achieved.


Managing change


People


driven


System


driven


Association model


Commitment to change


Where do you want to be?


Where are you now?


How do you get there?


Implement


our movement,


our future


.1 Step One Commitment to change


There have always been changes in our Movement at some


times more than at others. In this period of rapid and large


change, the commitment, support and encouragement of those


leading Counties and Districts will be crucial.We will all win if


everyone is committed to making the same changes.


Demonstrate commitment in leadership


Those leading groups of people will need to show that they are


committed to the change. This includes Group Scout Leaders,


District Commissioners and County/Area Commissioners. This


commitment must be shown by their behaviour and what they say.


Accept the limits that are imposed


Most changes will have some limits perhaps because of the


number of people, resources or money that you have available.


In this case, there will be limits given by the new programme


(such as age groups). Everyone needs to know about the limits


and accept them.


Engender commitment from all adults in the Movement


All the adults in the Movement must be committed to the


change. This means that everyone must be kept informed and


encouraged to participate. This includes administrators, Leaders,


Helpers, and Commissioners and 05 year olds for whom the


changes will provide new opportunities.


Explain why changes are taking place


Ensure that everyone knows why the changes are taking place.


Remember to communicate this often, both before and during


the change process.


Value everyone's view and ideas


There will be options in the changes and local decisions will


need to be made. Everyone should be encouraged to contribute


to this. All contributions should be considered and people


informed of the outcome.


. Step Two Where do you want to be?


In this step, the Area/County, Districts and Groups should


consider where they would like to end up after the process of


change.


Consider influences


There will be many issues that will shape your view of where you


want to be. There may be external constraints (such as the rules


defining the programme from PRI); external enablers (such as


grants to help development); local factors (such as Area/County


and District development plans); and resource implications


(such as the money and the people required).


Set objectives


Describe what you want to achieve in simple and measurable


terms (you will need to know that you've made it!). There may be


overall objectives giving the broad view and detailed objectives


to further define these.


Assign priority


The objectives will need to be put into an order of priority so


that you know what is most important to tackle first. As with


any plan, it is best not to get sidetracked into putting a lot of


time and effort into an item that you consider to be low priority.


Involve local membership


Ask the people involved locally what they think should happen


in the future taking into account the fixed limits. Include as


many people as possible and ensure that you tell them the


outcome.


Managing change


continued


'If you don't create


change, change will


create you'


. Step Three Where are you now?


This step looks at what you are doing at the moment in Groups,


Districts and County/Area. It is sometimes easy to assume


that we know what is going on rather than checking that it is


indeed true. You may find that there is less work to do than you


imagined and you may identify examples of good practice


to share.


Collect data/facts


Find out what is going on this is a simple audit that should


involve a lot of people.


Collect views throughout the organisation


It is important that lots of people have a chance to tell you what


they think about how they are doing things at the moment.


.4 Step Four How do you get there?


Having decided where you want to be and knowing where you


are now, it is time to decide what you are going to do about it!


Identify methods from many people


Ensure that as many people as possible are asked to identify the


methods for implementing the changes.


Develop options


Once you have some options for methods make sure that the


practical ones are developed.


Choose methods


From the range of methods that are now available, involve the


people who will have to implement these in making the choice.


Plan


Generate a plan to put the changes into practice. Ensure that


the plan is clear and timed.


.5 Step Five Implement change


Implement


Put the plan into action. Make sure that everyone knows what


the plan is first. Publicise it as widely as possible.


Monitor


Carefully track the implementation of the changes to ensure


that the plan is achieving its objectives.


Adapt


Be prepared to alter the plan if it is not quite working out as you


had hoped. Be flexible.


Allocate tasks


Ensure that people know what is expected of them and by when.


Select a Change Agent


For a large change process, it will be helpful to have someone


who can meet people and drive the process on. To be truly


effective the Change Agent will need some power and money


with which to do the job and will need to have credibility in the


Area/County.


Explain the facts


Ensure that everyone knows the facts the reasons for the


change and what you are going to do.


Deal with resistance


Many people don't like change. You must accept this and ensure


that you plan to address it.


Managing change


continued


4


. Focus on people


.1 Key roles


In this paper we have identified two roles the Change


Champion and the Change Agent. Both roles are key to the


successful implementation of change.


.1.1 Change Champion


The Change Champion keeps an overall view of the change


process and promotes the change to everyone involved.


In the County and Area, the ultimate Change Champion will be


the Area/County Commissioner. However, at times this role will


also be necessary for the District Commissioner and the Group


Scout Leader.


The main aspects of the role are


• Demonstrate commitment to the change. Talk positively about


the change, encourage those who are working on change and


acknowledge progress towards change.


• Ensure that the facts about the change are well known.


Tell people about why the change is necessary, the plan itself,


the end point of the plan, and what has been achieved so far.


Resist the temptation to use hype or spin instead of facts.


• Empower the Change Agent to do the job. The Change Agent will


need power over financial resources,may need other people to


help do the job, and will need to attend meetings and have time


on the agenda.


• Monitor the change process. Let the Change Agent do the


detailed work. Check progress against the plan with the Change


Agent and the District Commissioners.


• Provide management and support for the Change Agent.


Hold regular progress meetings and personal review meetings.


Set targets with the Change Agent.


The County/Area Commissioner will retain the overall


responsibility for the change process. This will include giving


the final approval for the plan and providing ideas and direction


as appropriate.


.1. Change Agent


The Change Agent manages and drives the change on behalf of


the County/Area Commissioner. The main aspects of this role are


• Demonstrate commitment to the change. Talk positively about


the change, encourage those who are working on change and


acknowledge progress towards change.


• Ensure that the facts about the change are well known. Have a


clear understanding of the changes that are taking place what


and why and spread the word.


• Lead the change process. Provide the first line advice and


support within the County/Area.


• Act as project manager. Create, implement and monitor the


plan. Solve problems and act as a 'trouble shooter'.


• Manage the resources allocated. The resources may be finance,


people, materials or time.


• Motivate and enthuse all those affected by the change.


Take opportunities at meetings, at events, and in newsletters.


• Report to the Change Champion. Provide regular updates on


progress (but not all the detail as the Change Champion will


need to see the bigger picture). Check that the project is meeting


the requirements of the Change Champion and the plan.


Agree on changes if necessary.


Managing change


continued


'The ultimate solutions


to problems are


rational; the process for


thinking them is not'


• Recruit and manage a team. It may be appropriate to gather a


small team to help. This team will report to the Change Agent


and should have clearly defined job descriptions.


. Resisting change


There will often be resistance to change. It may happen for


many reasons. It is important to recognise this and to plan to


deal with it.


..1 Why people resist change


The main reasons for resisting change include


Personal views


People may see no need to change they may think that the


current situation is fine or that the proposed change will not


work. Some may resist the change simply because it was not


their idea or because they have no interest in change.


Habit and fear of the unknown


It is often easier to stay with the current situation. Change can


mean upsetting the routine and losing a sense of security.


No vision of the benefits


The gains to be made by change may not be clear. In some cases,


only the problems may be apparent.


Reason for change unknown


Some may see only the change itself rather than the benefits of


the change.


Disturbing existing relationships


People may feel challenged, threatened, and perhaps a sense of


loss if current relationships and teams are changed. Some may


fear a loss of status.


No trust in change makers


There may be no trust in the people who are making the change.


There may have been previous mistakes. They may feel that


there are other motives for making the changes.


Not involved


People may feel that they are not influencing the direction or


outcomes of the change and that no one is listening to their


views.


Too much work


The amount of work involved in the change may be daunting.


There are many other reasons for resisting change. It is


important to think about how individuals will view the change.


.. Dealing with resistance


If we start by accepting that there will be resistance to almost


any change, the need to deal with this resistance is clear.


• Accept that whatever you do, however good your


communication and preparation, there will still be resistance


to change.


• Predict the possible reasons for resistance to the change and


plan how you will address them these might include people


feeling that they will lose their position, influence, authority


or group of friends. When you present the plan, reference and


address these issues directly.


• Once the change process has started, identify the real areas


of resistance. You need to tackle people individually and address


concerns.


Managing change


continued


5


6


It will help others to accept change if the County/Area


Commissioner, District Commissioners and Group Scout Leaders


all support the change by


• Encouraging everyone to take part from the start of the change


process.


• Making clear the areas that are open for discussion and those


that are not.


• Keeping people fully informed and involving people in decision


making that directly affects them.


• Meeting people and talking about the change process.


• Using a positive attitude to the changes in everything that is


said and done.


• Anticipating the adult support issues such as new job


descriptions, existing roles that are no longer required, new


roles, re-training.


• Providing incentives to change such as praise in newsletters,


free resources once a Group is ready to move to a part of the


new system, or free resources to help with implementation once


a District plan has been established.


No matter how hard you work at the change process, accept that


you will lose some people along the way. If people in roles of


power and influence do not support the change, you will need to


consider if they should continue in those roles.


. Motivating people


Many of the ideas that are discussed in this paper will motivate


people and reduce de-motivation. In addition it may help to


consider the following


• Using motivation theories to identify what motivates people


(particularly as individuals).


• Providing clear job descriptions that take into account people's


goals and aspirations.


• Rewarding people who embrace the changes don't forget


simply to tell them that they are doing a good job!


4. Focus on systems


The systems used to plan effectively will be very important.


The Scout Association already uses some techniques that will


be useful. This section gives a few points to consider when


planning.


4.1 Planning


Understand what needs to happen


Some parts of the plan may depend on other parts. The use of


diagrams may help you to see the bigger picture.


You can't do it all at once


Break down the plan into smaller, more manageable chunks and


set objectives for each. Using the systematic planning tool


NAOMIE will help.


Set priorities


Give a priority to each objective. Consider how urgent as well as


how important each objective is.


Monitor and review progress


Decide how you will monitor and review the progress of the


project both the overview and the smaller tasks.


Managing change


continued


'Lord grant me the grace


to accept the things


I cannot change, the


courage to change the


things that I can and


the wisdom to know


the difference'


Be prepared to tackle something more than once


Learn as you go along and be prepared to take two steps forward


and one step back occasionally.


Be flexible


Identify areas where there is flexibility this may be in


time-scales or areas in which people can influence the


change process.


Build in contingency


Change is bound to take longer than you anticipate and it will


cost more than you plan for.


Be prepared for a dip in performance


When change is first made, performance drops as people


struggle with the new system and ideas. Eventually performance


will improve. Some people give up at the first sign of difficulty


and want to go back to the original system. Confidence and


reassurance from the Change Champion and the Change Agent


will be crucial at this point.


Identify resources


The resources may be people, money, materials or time.


Resources should be allocated to the tasks in the plan. Look for


ways to combine the tasks to make best use of the resources.


Stay on track


Whilst the plan is being implemented keep referring back to the


plan itself, the outcome of the 'where do you want to be' step


and the Change Champion to ensure that you are still on track.


Communicate


Identify the communication systems you can use to bring about


the changes e.g. to consult, to explain the nature of the


changes. Make sure that you use the most appropriate systems


and adapt them to meet your needs.


People issues


Consider the people issues mentioned in this paper and don't


forget to include them in the plan.


4. Other tools


Here is a range of tools that you might consider using at


different stages in the change process. There are, of course, many


others. To order a pack of information to help you further, call


the Information Centre on 0845 00 1818.


• NAOMIE


• Objective trees


• Brainstorming


• Facilitating


• Generating ideas


• Solving problems


• Styles of leadership


• Diagrams


• How to prioritise -


Johari's window


• Using meetings


• Forcefield analysis


• Review


• Motivation


• Focus groups


• Questionnaires


• Interviews


• Delegation


• Preparing and giving


a talk


• Project management


• Ask the Adult Support


staff for help


Managing change


continued


7


8


5. Summary


Do…


• Remember change is a process not an end in itself. If you focus


change on an event that is all it will be, just an event.


• Select priorities for change rather than try to do everything at


once.


• Involve people from all levels at every stage of design and


implementation.


• Publish early success to build momentum and support.


• Expect it to take longer that you anticipate.


Don't…


• Underestimate the cost of change build in costing for


communication, training and materials.


• Expect to be able to control all factors. Plan your response to


factors you can't change.


• Deliver spin or hype but do deal in facts.


6. Bibliography


Managing Change nd Edition. Christopher Mabey and Bill


Mayon-White. The Open University. Published by Paul Chapman


Publishing. 1. ISBN 1-856-6-0.


Checkpoint. The management checklists and management


thinkers on CD-ROM. Year 000 issue. The Institute of


Management. Three articles may be useful Checklist 08


'Mapping an effective change programme'; Checklist 040


'Implementing an effective change programme'; and Checklist


068 'Motivating your staff in time of change'.


Communicating ChangeWinning Employee Support for New


Business Goals. T. J. Larkin and Sandar Larkin. Published by


McGraw-Hill 14.


Managing Change and Changing Management. The Open


University Business School. B800 course text for MBA.


Managing People A Wider View. The Open University Business


School. B800 course text for MBA.


Why Do Employees Resist Change? Paul Strebel, Professor of the


Change Programme for international managers at the


International Institute for Management Development. Published


in the Harvard Business Review 16.


Managing Change. The Government Accountants Journal,


Summer 000.


Managing change


continued


'Change creates the


opportunity for


innovation'


Please note that this sample paper on change management is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on change management, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on change management will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!