"The Goophered Grapevine"

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Differences in expression, whether creative or non-creative, is an evident device in most literary works a difference that includes not only the content of a work, but its language. Use of language can help an author construct an idea without explicitly identifying the main point. Charles W. Chesnutt's "The Goophered Grapevine" enlists language to express many deep and profound fundamental problems that existed during Post-Civil War America. His point was made by interrelating two narrative viewpointsthat of a Northern entrepreneur (John) and an ex-slave (Julius). Chesnutt's narrators who possess warring viewpoints are used to divide many social, economic, and racial classes. Chesnutt's literary use of language comes from the differentiation in narrative style. The story is written from two opposing viewpoints John who represents that which is white, rich, and Northern, and Julius who stands for what is black, poor, and Southern. The problem that Chesnutt examines through his narration is the racial injustices brought upon the black slaves, and differing ideologies and perspectives from one group to another in the time period shortly after the Civil War.

The story begins as John a carpetbagger, sets out for a change in climate because of his wife's poor health. John, engaged in the grape-culture in Ohio, decides to look for a more southern atmosphere to continue business. On the advice of a cousin who had moved to North Carolina he also did the same. Upon looking around town and deciding and looking several times at one place that he thought would suit him he ventures up to the plantation to show his wife. They come across Julius, a former slave who tries to advise why John should not be buying the vineyard. This is where we find our second narrative viewpoint, Julius, who tells a story inside the story.

Julius catalogs a story how a plantation owner, Mars Dugal McAdoo, hires Aunt Peggy, a free black woman living nearby to put a spell on his vineyards as a way to keep slaves from stealing his grapes. Peggy's spell causes anyone who eats the grapes to die within twelve months of eating them. Just the threat of this magic convinces the local slaves not to eat the grapes, until Henry, a recently acquired slave who has not been warned of the spell, eats grapes from the vines. Since Henry knew nothing of the goopher, Aunt Peggy decides to spare him by putting a protective spell on him, but one that links him directly with the vine's well-being. When the crops thrive in the summer, Henry thrives, but when the off-season saps the vines of their strength, Henry is likewise weakened. The spell therefore coincided with the growth, dormancy and regeneration of the grapevines.

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Dugal McAdoo the slave owner/plantation owner-for whom, Julius explains, "it ha' ter be a mighty rainy day when he could n fine sump'n fer his niggers ter do, en…ha' ter be a monst'us cloudy night when a dollar git by in de darkness'" (1645) - notes the pattern of Henry's deterioration and renewal and comes up with a plan to profit from the imbalances in his strength. So he sells Henry off in the summer for a large sum and then in the fall buys him back for a less considerable amount. The plan works so well that McAdoo is able to purchase another plantation from his proceeds from Henry. But his greed gets the best of him when he takes the advice from a Yankee the crops and Henry die.

Thus Julius's embedded narrative about Henry offers John (and the reader) a commentary on the treatment of blacks and the worth of slaves in the Old South. Henry is just another piece of land or equipment that McAdoo profits from every season. It was made clear in many instances that is how the author felt why McAdoo even took care of Henry during his "off-season" "He tuk good keer uv 'im dyoin' er de winter, give 'im w'iskey ter rub his rheumatiz en terbacker ter smoke, en all he want ter eat, -'caze a nigger w'at he could make a thousan' dollars a year off'n did n' grow on eve'y huckleberry bush." (1645) And Julius emphasizes the coexistence of Henry and the land once more when McAdoo went to war against the Yankees "Mars Dugal tuk on might'ly 'bout losin' his vimes en his nigger in de same year… he say he wuz mighty glad dat wah come, en he des want ter kill a Yankee fer eve'y dollar he los' 'long er dat grape-rasin' Yankee'" (1647) Once again, the life of a black human being is measured in economic terms.

The differences in beliefs are also quite evident in the story. Julius nearly directly comments upon what John told us in the introduction that he had moved south on the advice of a doctor, "in whose skill and honesty I had implicit confidence" (1640). This tells us of John's white, conventional beliefs in science, which Julius clearly does not believe in. The first time occurs when the spell claims two unwary victims, deaths the white folks claims were the "fevuh, but de niggers knowed it was goopher"(164). Julius also establishes his belief in the spells and folklore when he explains Henry's first ebb in strength "He sent fer a mighty fine doctor, but de med'cine did n' 'pear ter do no good; de goopher had a good holt." (1644) While John remains skeptical about the goophering, Julius here puts his own beliefs into the story with the same relevancy that science is seen in Julius's world.

When Julius finishes his story we see the power that Chesnutt has to characterize each person in the narrative through his literary use of language. Annie asks the question "Is that story true? Asked Annie doubtfully, but seriously, as the old man concluded his narrative," (1647) with three words he has just characterized Annie, unable to believe either side of the tracks doubtfully, but seriously. Annie is the middle way in the story not on one side or another not only believing in science or not only believing in the folklore.

The language is so unmistakable for each individual in the story and precise that we build our views of each person through their speech patterns, dialect, and ways of telling stories. We see John the rich, white, Northern man with all his intelligence and entrepreneurship narrate so beautifully and gracefully. Then there is Julius who can barely speak correctly and sometimes one is not sure of what he is even saying so that is our black, indigent, Southern man. Now we also have Henry and McAdoo who are only described by Julius which could not have been half as effective if only one narrator was present. Chesnutt's narrative skill of language made the story what it is, a story about a man from the North who has his own sets of beliefs comes to the South to start a business who runs into a former slave who tells him of a spell set upon a vineyard he was ultimately interested in and buys and helps support the ex-slave. The complex underlying tales of unjust treatment of slaves in the South during this time period before and after the Civil War, and the different sets of beliefs between the races and how they set relations apart, makes to me how the literary use of language can be used to offset and identify two sub-cultures of the United States during Chesnutt's time period.

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MUSIC AND ITS PRIORITIES

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Culture and individual beliefs are capable of affecting the principle and reasoning in every area of thinking. In view of the fact that all cultures are diverse, there are some which are more likely to commit particular fallacies than others. A persons culture is based upon numerous aspects such as race, history, geography, religion, and language. All of these things play a different part in cultures, and affect reasoning in a variety of ways and areas.

Culture, is a very persuasive and potent factor in the ways of our individual beliefs, and thoroughly plays an impact on our society today, also dating back hundreds of years ago. It is what makes our society, creating a basis for our beliefs, and influencing our logical thinking, therefore playing a very influential and immense role on the conclusions we reach as an individual. There are several various diverse cultures all around the world, and all are influenced by various examples, in their society. For instance, religion, physical environment, inspirational people (activists, presidents, humanitarians..), scientific affairs, and other numerous aspects in culture, which can dominantly inspire and manipulate the way we think, and why we think that way.

Culture in ancient times, was defined as "the sum total of the equipment of the human individual, which enables him to be attuned to his immediate environment on the historical past on the other". This means that culture reflects on the foundation of what humans have added to nature, otherwise meaning humans are what make up culture and society today. Culture consists of the intellectual, emotional features, and spiritual material of society today, and in addition, includes the value systems, traditions and modes of life and beliefs in society today. Furthermore, it also undergoes changes with time, absorbing from other different cultures, which sometimes could have a positive effect and other times negative. Today, there is a rapidly growing body of knowledge which in some causes "physical infections" to our culture, and the "poisoning" of peoples minds. A good example of this case is the habit of smoking, and how it is negatively infecting our culture, by mentally influencing the people to smoke. Consequently causing the "poisoning" of countless peoples minds, by making them believe in this habit, and this of coarse leads to deadly effects, which kills thousands of people each year. Although some of the knowledge has harmed the sphere of culture, there is knowledge that has been beneficial to culture, and given a "helping hand" to many diverse societies today.

Culture and individual beliefs depending of the culture affect different areas of logic differently. For example, a person from the Bahamas reasoning in fishing would differ from a person which is living in Alaska. The different aspects of culture have a diverse degree of effect on reasoning all depending on what factor influenced the culture more convincingly in development. A good example of this is, in Africa the religion rituals and the geography are very influential, while in Europe primarily history played a large part in developing the existing cultures. So as you can see, this is an example of two very different countries, separated by two very different cultural influences, therefore differentiating the beliefs and set of minds of the peoples residing in both nations. It is difficult to say if the effect of culture and individual beliefs on logic is negative or positive, although these effects on reasoning are a major cause to the misunderstandings in the world today. Furthermore, the world would be a plain place without the present diverse cultures. It is only when acceptance and tolerance become a part of our individual beliefs that it may be possible for culture and beliefs to not negatively affect conclusions reached.

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In culture, there are many sides, which and all of them influence what is personally known and the way one makes decisions. And these sides or aspects are predominantly background (history), religion, individual beliefs, language, geography, and even race. The aspect of culture which are individual beliefs, are defined as being convictions and opinions. These two things are usually based on the other aspects of culture mentioned. For example a person who is a Muslim would most likely have different beliefs about the roles of women in society than someone who is Christian. In this example, the individual belief is a type code concerning women which was based by the development of the particular religions. Even though religion plays a very strong impact in our society today, beliefs are also cultivated trough family, education, peers, and in many cases can be developed depending on the area and time period that a person lives in. For example, since a person is living during the time period of Great Depression, that person would therefore firmly believe in saving money and working hard.

Now shifting toward back in history, to the early 100's, here is a good example of how culture and individual believes, can largely impact the conclusions we reach, and affect our logical thinking. When the perverse political genius Adolf Hitler, came into power (title of fuhrer) in 15 in Germany, he vowed to get rid of all the Jewish people, who resided in Germany, and else where if possible (Austria), because he blamed the Jewish for Germany's loss in a war. So he brain washed the minds of millions of people, including the massive amount of soldiers involved in the war, to hate the people of Jewish decent. So as you can see, how the evolving culture in that era in Germany, along with the individual beliefs of Hitler and the German people, affected their logical thinking and foremost influenced their conclusions that they resulted upon. They altogether first of all, were influenced to hate the Jews by their culture, and how it was interacting on this situation, and this lead to their hateful individual beliefs of the many German people against the hundreds of Jews. Moreover making them think irrationally, logically speaking about the Jewish people. So the great effect, of all their logical thinking, made them come to the conclusion, that all the Jewish people were bad and did not deserve to live. Therefore helping in the initiation of the holocaust, where thousands of Jewish peoples' in Germany, Austria and other countries, were immorally slaughtered and tragically beaten, simply because of their individual beliefs and influences in culture, which led them to conclude to such things.

Now to sum up the point of which "culture and individual beliefs play a role in logical thinking, and the conclusions we reach" there is a large assortment of different cultures all around the world, and all are influenced by the aspects of their culture, therefore having an influence on their believes, logical thinking, and the conclusions they reach from this. All the examples mentioned previously are true cases, which can explain the authenticity of this statement, and provide you a good explanation of the meaning of this verified testament. It is an obvious fact that cultural and individual beliefs can influence the minds of people in the ways of their logical thinking, furthermore the conclusions they reach, by the several different miscellaneous aspects of the cultures today, and also dating back to the past.

Please note that this sample paper on MUSIC AND ITS PRIORITIES is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on MUSIC AND ITS PRIORITIES, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on MUSIC AND ITS PRIORITIES will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Friend

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on friend. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality friend paper right on time.

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Friends Can Destroy You

Friends maintain immense abandon of sources to develop a good relationship between two people. As we general say friends' interpretations must be honesty, straightforward to each other. They should agree each other's opinions. They support self-awareness to each other. They don't walk away when troubles come to them but to give them hands. Such civilization of friend identities put my self into a den deeper and deeper. The more I experience the more I recess friends are definitely brutal, deceived and distrustful.

According to my empirical of self-esteem in friendship that I have realized friends who take an advantages form each other. They are relentlessly impact their sentiments. They approach you when they need you, but they never regard you when you need them. There are too many evidences that show how and why my friends betrayed me all the time. The next paragraphs will talk about one of my friends. Through out the incidence has occurred me that I am thoroughly assured friends are selfish, distrustful, foolish, and sorrowful.

My past memory has frequency consecutively emerged in my brain that my best friend has betrayed me again and again.

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Since I was in high school that I have met several best friends, one of them are the special one. We went out together, drunk together. Even we shared the money we had. Such of happiness made us even closely like blood brother. We were all well known to each of our parents, because we were intimacy doing things together. Not only this but we also helped each other when there fights beside us.

On the year of my age18, when was my last year to graduate from high school. At the same time there also was the high provoking promotion reflected every one to get an opposite partners which we call boyfriends or girlfriends. So I carried this thought to look for one who I got was I like the most, she has a lot of things some other girls don't have. I had been together nearly a year. During that year my best friend was also well known about her who we went out together and played together. He regarded us all the time, what she was good at or the things we did together. One day I stumbled on they were together one night. We gradually broke up….

Furthermore, not only this but also he cheated on me when I immigrated to the Unite States. He cheated on me of he was going to buy a house for his mother who was old and sick. Such faith of parents influenced me to lend amount of money to him. However, later I found out he got the money to gamble and loosed it. From that time on he broke his promise to pay me money back and has not even give a call.

Confronting frustrations that I recessed the reasons why my friends had chosen to cheat on me, because I was too dependable on my friends. I shared my secrets and feeling. I sacrificed most of things which have never thought to achieve them back. Being excessive in believe people who never shared their secrets or thoughts with me. Profoundly we concern if we really find ones who we can trust on. Then we should treasure them but not to destroy them.

Friends are variety groups of people who help each other, comfort to each other, and encourage each other. However, they can destroy our feeling of human dignities. They can grab every thing you have and gone for permanently. Friends could bring happiness or could give hand to you to be succeeded. But at the same time it also can be revise of the opposite sides or make you lost even more than he or she helped you gain. There has such proverb saying "the more love you receive the more pain you pay" it is truer than ever since.

yyFriends Can Destroy You

Friends maintain immense abandon of sources to develop a good relationship between two people. As we general say friends' interpretations must be honesty, straightforward to each other. They should agree each other's opinions. They support self-awareness to each other. They don't walk away when troubles come to them but to give them hands. Such civilization of friend identities put my self into a den deeper and deeper. The more I experience the more I recess friends are definitely brutal, deceived and distrustful.

According to my empirical of self-esteem in friendship that I have realized friends who take an advantages form each other. They are relentlessly impact their sentiments. They approach you when they need you, but they never regard you when you need them. There are too many evidences that show how and why my friends betrayed me all the time. The next paragraphs will talk about one of my friends. Through out the incidence has occurred me that I am thoroughly assured friends are selfish, distrustful, foolish, and sorrowful.

My past memory has frequency consecutively emerged in my brain that my best friend has betrayed me again and again.

Since I was in high school that I have met several best friends, one of them are the special one. We went out together, drunk together. Even we shared the money we had. Such of happiness made us even closely like blood brother. We were all well known to each of our parents, because we were intimacy doing things together. Not only this but we also helped each other when there fights beside us.

On the year of my age18, when was my last year to graduate from high school. At the same time there also was the high provoking promotion reflected every one to get an opposite partners which we call boyfriends or girlfriends. So I carried this thought to look for one who I got was I like the most, she has a lot of things some other girls don't have. I had been together nearly a year. During that year my best friend was also well known about her who we went out together and played together. He regarded us all the time, what she was good at or the things we did together. One day I stumbled on they were together one night. We gradually broke up….

Furthermore, not only this but also he cheated on me when I immigrated to the Unite States. He cheated on me of he was going to buy a house for his mother who was old and sick. Such faith of parents influenced me to lend amount of money to him. However, later I found out he got the money to gamble and loosed it. From that time on he broke his promise to pay me money back and has not even give a call.

Confronting frustrations that I recessed the reasons why my friends had chosen to cheat on me, because I was too dependable on my friends. I shared my secrets and feeling. I sacrificed most of things which have never thought to achieve them back. Being excessive in believe people who never shared their secrets or thoughts with me. Profoundly we concern if we really find ones who we can trust on. Then we should treasure them but not to destroy them.

Friends are variety groups of people who help each other, comfort to each other, and encourage each other. However, they can destroy our feeling of human dignities. They can grab every thing you have and gone for permanently. Friends could bring happiness or could give hand to you to be succeeded. But at the same time it also can be revise of the opposite sides or make you lost even more than he or she helped you gain. There has such proverb saying "the more love you receive the more pain you pay" it is truer than ever since.

Please note that this sample paper on friend is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on friend, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on friend will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Social thinking

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on social thinking. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality social thinking paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in social thinking, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your social thinking paper at affordable prices!

Within the social sciences there exists a common subject that links the various disciplines together. That is the scientific study of pattern and diversity in human adaptive behavior. Pattern and diversity distinguishes humans from all other living things, but does not make us unique or better. This adaptive behavior is locally patterned and globally diverse. Although it is genetically transmittable, learned behavior is not. Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings from a biological, social and humanistic perspective. Sociology is the scientific study of social relations or group life of a society. These two disciplines have similar ideas in their practices of material field and conceptions. They also have differences in their forms of methodologies.

There are four basic elements that are used in studying a discipline. They are conception, material field, methodologies, and subject-matter claims. Conceptions create images for structure and dynamics underlying observable phenomena. A disciplines material field is the common-sense principality of objects and events that the discipline studies. Methodologies establish images of safe procedure and a clear conclusion by which a material field may be understood. Methodologies prescribe specific methods for collecting data that are used to evaluate a discipline's conception. Subject matter claims are highly selective pictures of its material field that are made from inferences drawn out of individual methodological rules for the purpose of evaluating particular conceptions.

Eleanor Smith Bowens book, Return to Laughter takes a fictional approach to her study of the Tiv culture. She is an Anthropologist who examines the rules of right behavior as functions in the Tiv culture of West Africa. The material field of Bowens anthropological study is observing the Tiv peoples pattern of behavior in their everyday life. Some limitations to anthropology are that descriptions of the rules are reached with biased emotions, and you cant do controlled experiments because it is real life. When anthropologists are participating with members of the culture, their own views and opinions become obstacles that get in the way of being objective. The conceptions (or culture) are learned through the rules of right behavior. An example of a rule of right behavior in the Tiv culture was laughing at disabled people. That behavior was extremely appalling to Bowen yet, it is a behavior that was acceptable in the Tiv culture. This is an example of how thick culture really does cut. Bowen learned the patterns of the Tiv people by using the methodology of participant observation. In order to thoroughly understand the culture and its people, Bowen had to assume the role of every possible member in society. She was her own best instrumental tool. In being assigned different names by the tribe, she was able to see what is expected from people of different social positions. As well as how the Tiv people interact with and treat individuals from different social positions. In making inferences from her experiences, Bowen arrived to her subject matter claims that the Tiv cultures focal point was witchcraft. The other was that older is more powerful and that power was cast in the male kindred line. It was a way of explaining the unexplained to the Tiv. It gave the Tiv a sense of hope and control, which showed they seriously, believed thats the way it is; things happen for a reason. Bowen, in her study, was practicing normal science. She did not seem to be very innovative in her methods.

Peter Berger examines sociology and social structure in his book Invitation to Sociology. Sociologists study the functions of a population that function by specialization, and categorize members into groups that accomplish tasks in society. The material field is the study of a large population of people. This structure of society is thought to be an instrument of human adaptive behavior. The things that make up this structure must be different. Throughout history, structure endures a cycle of repetition. Roles are designed to establish social structure. The role provides a pattern to which the individual acts in a particular situation. Sociologys conceptions is composed of a collection of like beings of the same kind, whose members live in a high state of interdependency, and who appear to be bent on enduring over time. Members of society find it necessary to seek the behaviors of others in order to satisfy their own wants and needs. They are not able to satisfy these needs on there own as individuals. In order for interdependency to work, it is important for members not to be carbon copies of each other. The limitations of sociology is that interdependency appears to relinquish freedom of choice. However, if freedom of choice were to be utilized by everyone the social system would break down. The methodologies used to study populations are survey research and experiments. This type of methodology can be difficult because it is impossible for every person within the population to be surveyed. Therefore, it is hard to be certain that it is an accurate demographic representation of the large society. The information collected from the surveys and experiments are formulated as the final outcome for the subject matter claims.

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Anthropological and sociological sciences share similarities regarding material field and conceptions. The material field is objects and events that the discipline studies. An example of material field in anthropology was the small group of Tiv people that Bowen observed. The material field for sociology is a study of a large population. Conceptions in the study of anthropology consist of culture, which is the set of rules of right behavior that is shared by the people under study. These rules are shared and transmitted over generations. In sociology conceptions include a population in a high state of interdependency, which is built on trust. These studies involve examining people functioning in social systems, with an emphasis on external differentiation.

Anthropology and sociology have differences in the forms of methodologies.

Methodologies are specific methods for gathering data that can be used to evaluate conceptions of a discipline. Anthropologys method of study is participant observation. The anthropologist observes a culture by participating as a member. Sociology utilizes survey research as a preferred methodology. This type of research includes questionnaires that are administered to carefully selected samples in the society under research.

The social sciences consist of different disciplines in which each studies certain aspects of the human adaptive behavior. Each discipline is geared to look at the pattern and diversity of humans in different ways, by asking different questions and using different material fields and methods. The conceptions, material field, methodologies and subject matter claims help to formulate scientific information as well as ideologies of human adaptive behavior. As has been shown, anthropology and sociology contain similarities as well as differences in their practices.

Please note that this sample paper on social thinking is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on social thinking, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on social thinking will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

SLAVERY IN NORTH AMERICA

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in SLAVERY IN NORTH AMERICA, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your SLAVERY IN NORTH AMERICA paper at affordable prices!

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are

endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,

Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness (Thomas Jefferson).

The Declaration of Independence is that it does not say, We hold these truths to

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be self-evident, that all men including their race, creed, religion, or color are created

equal, that they…. Thomas Jeffersons words were hypocritical. Not all men were

created equal and these men were slaves. Slavery has existed throughout the United

States at the time and by 1760 there were about 5,800 African slaves in North

America.

Slavery in America started when the New World was first discovered. It started

off when the first colonists came to the Americas and in order to survive they needed to

farm the land and grow crops. Since they were not accustomed for the hot sun and were

too lazy for hard labor. In order to survive they needed a large labor force to farm the

lands. They tried to capture the native Indians and failed, for many reasons one of them

was from smallpox, and from various diseases, which killed them. Another reason that

the Europeans could not capture them was because they had been in America all their

lives and they were a majority. Therefore the Europeans set out to seize African slaves.

Africans were the perfect choice of slaves to farm in colonial America, because

slavery had already existed in Africa. Plus Africans could endure the heat of the raging

sun, since Africa and America's weather were similar. Also both African and European

colonist's bodies could resist many diseases, unlike native Indians.

Africans were shipped from Africa by the Europeans in what was called the Triangular

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. This was an organized route where Europeans would travel

to Africa bringing manufactured goods, capture Africans and take them to America.

Eventually they would take the crops and goods and bring them back to Europe.

However the Europeans had no humanity what so ever. For example, they

separated Africans from their families by the age of ten. After that they were shipped in

uncomfortable ships. Most of them suffered from suffocation, disease, and lack of

sanitation.

"And disease had begun to swell the legs of some sudlts. Yet other develop fevers with

heavy sweating and trembling chills" (Roots, 11)

Some of the African slaves committed suicide, the reason for that was because

they could not stand the lack of sanitation or the deseases and sicknesses that spread

around the boat. They were also the basis of Americas economic system since they grew

most of the crops, such as tobacco industries. That helped their economy to grow due to

the effect that the demand for tobacco was very big in Europe, so exporting the crop was

a major factor in developing the agricultural economics.

" Fend kiling dorong leh warrata ka iteh tee ( Behold- the only thing great than

yourself)" ( Roots,)The African natives were of all ages and sexes. Women usually

worked in the homes, cooking and cleaning, whereas men were sent out into the

plantations to farm. Young girls would usually help in the house. Young boys would help

in the farm by bailing hay and loading wagons with crops.

Large numbers of African slaves working together on the same land or lands close

together would usually talk to each other in their language (the Gullah language).

Speaking in their own language helped them keep their own cultures traditions, and

identities.

The harshness of slavery was different depending on the plantation in which the

slaves were located. Slaves in California were very ill treated. Californians believed in

racism, they didn't like to treat black's equally. Therefore they treated them harshly.

Slaves in Richmond and other towns would work as artisans or laborers, as long as they

sent part of their wages and the money that they make to their masters, they still had

harsh laws.

There came a time when the population grew and was about 50,000, that

happened because of the mixed economy. Everyone worked in different occupations. The

African Americans worked in either the fields or as cooks, housekeepers, personal

servants, or artisans. Some of the most important jobs were to work as lumberjacks or

shipbuilders. They built these ships because some slaves worked on the docks, or as

merchant sailors, fishermen, whalers, and privateers. Some African American men and

women worked in urban areas, in manufacturing and trading or as servants in the homes

of the rich families.

" After you get hitched, I'm takin' back tthat travelin' pass! .. "(Roots

45) Life was hard for both the free and non-free African slaves. Both were treated badly

and disrespectfully. They had to obey a number of harsh rules; for example they couldn't

gather for a harmful dance. They needed written passes to leave town or even if they

wanted to travel more than forty miles from their destination, their punishment was to be

cut up into pieces.

Anti-slavery ideas started in the north, since they were allowed to become

popular. Eventually it moved down to the south; however, it took time for the southerners

to accept it. This was bad for the landlords because if slavery were abolished then most

or all of the economy in the south would collapse. Therefor plantation owners or

landlords would no longer have cheap labor which will then result in expensive products

so that means they can no longer compete in the market.

After anti-slavery ideas began to rise, political problems rose with them. After a

little while the civil started, at the end of the civil war, as you might know the north was

victorious over the south, that moment was when the north forced the south to ban

slavery. Which ended up in the destruction of the south.

The right of a nation to determine its own form of government does not include the right

to establish a slave society (that is, to legalize the enslavement of some men by others).

There is no such thing as the right to enslave. A nation can do it, just as a man can

become a criminal- but neither can do it by right. (Ayn Rand)

I come to conclude that slaves were people just as their slave owners were people.

Despite the difference of opinions throughout this great country, it was an inevitable

conclusion that everyone should have been treated equally. The enslavement of humans

obviously produced different opinions among many Americans, which in turn I believe to

be the start of the Civil War. African-Americans suffered through many hardships and

losses over time. One must come to the realization that all humans should be treated the

same no matter what their race, creed, or color. This is all in the past and Americans

should treat it as such. We must never forget the hardships each and every American has

gone through. Instead reflect on what has happened in the past and learn from it. Look to

the future and remember all men are created equal.

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In what ways is Act III Scene ii one of the key scenes in Shakespeare's play "Hamlet"?

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In Shakespeare's plays, there are many important scenes. In "Hamlet" one of the most important is Act III scene ii. This could be because it is a "key" scene in the fact that in unlocks a path for which the rest of the play will follow course. Or that it is a "key" scene because of its content, like the fact that it contains a play-within-a-play ect.

In my essay, I will discuss both of the point stated.

The main point of this scene is to see whether the Ghost seen in Act I Scene ii is telling the truth, or, if he is just an evil spirit, taking the form of Hamlet.

In this scene hamlet uses the play as a device with which to see if Claudius is guilty of murdering his father if not. He has the players act a scene like the ghosts account of how he was murdered. He and Horatio observe Claudius's reaction to the play and see if he reacts to it. We can tell that Hamlet thinks that he will react because he says

"…I have heard that guilty creatures sitting at a play have by the very cunning

of the scene been struck to the sole, that presently they have proclaimed their maletacions"

but there are also many differences between the "play-within-the-play" and what hamlet is told by the Ghost. Hamlet cannot have the actors play out the exactly what was said, because or else Claudius will know that Hamlet knows that he murdered his own brother, and that Hamlet wants to kill him.

One of the differences is that the prisoner, Lucianus, is not actually the kings brother, nut his nephew. The prisoner also "woos the Queen with gifts"; this does not happen in the play. The Queen also seems harsh to the idea of marring again, but in actual fact, she does not.

When Claudius is watching the play, the reacts to the scene when the Player King (sleeping in his orchard) Is poisoned by his nephew, just as hamlet had planned. Claudius starts calling for "Light" This could have many different meanings, "Light" could mean goodness or forgiveness, and he is seen in the next scene to be praying for forgiveness. Hamlet is delighted that his plan has worked, and that Claudius has revealed his guilt.

Hamlet asks if the king is frightened by "false fire", this could be like false fire in a gun, when there is no gunpowder (he is afraid of nothing).

At the start of this scene, Shakespeare gives advice to actors though Hamlet. We know this because the lines 1 to 6 were added to the play in a later edition. These likes also do not add to any of the plot.

Fellow playwrights of Shakespeare would have witnessed the play. He then states what the problems with acting are. These problems

The Problems of acting in Shakespeare's day

There were many problems in the standard of acting in Shakespeare's day. This

can be deduced by the extra lines that were added in Act III Scene ii lines

1-6.

People who used to act in plays at the time often shouted (as to be heard over

the talking and noise of the crowd). Shakespeare says that town crier might as

well act the plays, as they would be just as loud.

The actors also over did (over played) emotion, and that they weren't being

natural in the way that they acted, they weren't "Portraying nature" because no

one naturally.

In this scene, Hamlet reacts with many of the other characters in the play. It shows that he is a very witty character, always resorting to puns.

We can tell a lot bout how the stage was set up, and how theatre parts were played. Limelights were used to light the stage form below. When hamlet says "what, frightened by false fire?", false fire also refers to the "false fire" used to light the stage.

The fact that Shakespeare used original stories to base his plays on is also shown in this scene. Hamlet uses an earlier story to write his playa.

This scene also introduces a vicious circle to the play. Hamlet (wants to kill) Claudius (who tells) Leurties (to kill) Hamlet ect. This is a truing point in the play, where it is sent in a different direction than the audience think.

It is rare to have a dumb show, or play-within-a-play, within a play, and Hamlet is one of two Shakespeare plays which has one, the other one being A mid summers night dream. It is an important part of this scene because it is the only time within the entire play that we see the murder, after all, this is a play about murder. Before all we knew about the murder was what the Ghost tells Hamlet. It is one of the few examples what a dumb show was like during Shakespeare's time.

The dumb show was shown before the play to introduce it, like a program is used today. It was used to make people understand the main concept of the play.

During lines 46 to 64, Hamlet talks to Horatio about them being friends, and then, on line 64, says

"Something too much of this"

He says it like it is not a manly thing to be talking about. So men did not play sentimental parts on stage.

After the play has taken place, Guildenstern and Rosencrantz call Hamlet to his mother. He then accuses both of them of lying to him. They deny this, but know that they are. Hamlet says that lying is as easy as playing a flute. He then shows this to the audience by playing with Polonius, asking if he can see the cloud shapes in the sky, which obviously do not look like anything, and then changing his mind. Polonius then agrees with everything that he is told.

Hamlets soliloquy is used in communicating his current emotional state to the audience because it reveals the true nature of Hamlets feelings; not only through the diction but also through the imagery, language and underlying messages of the text. It successfully highlights the divisions of character of Hamlet whilst aiding the audience in building a connection with him.

The play dealt with contemporary issues at the time. The question of who would succeed Elizabeth the Ist was an important one at the time. The play deals with the murder of a king, which would have been shaking to the audience because of its subject, a king was appointed by God, and if he was killed, it would be like disobeying God.

In he play, when all of the royal family is dead, Fortinbras claims the throne and becomes king of Denmark, Fortinbras is a prince form Norway.

"..with sorrow I embrace my fortune. I have some rights of memory in this kingdom, which now to claim my vantage doth invite me."

This, in Shakespearian times, would have been the happy ending to the play. The throne was taken over by someone with royal blood, who had been appointed by God.

One of the most important, or key, scenes in the play "Hamlet" is Act II Scene ii. This is because of many reasons. It changes the course that the play takes because of the fact that Hamlet now knows that the Ghost seen in Act I Scene ii is telling the truth. He will then try and kill Claudius. It is also important because it revels a lot about how the art of acting was conducted in Shakespeare's time.

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Lord of flies

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LORD OF THE FLIES/RITE OF PASSAGE

Section 1-Theme

Lord of the flies, written by William Golding, is a suspenseful and entertaining novel that relates a lot with the book that I've read called Rite of Passage by Richard Wright. Both of their contents compare to each other in many cases. On keeping with several of Wrights black hero's, Johnny is jolted out of his innocence into the stark realization of the world as a hostile place, when he escapes from home, and is on his own. This theme in the novel is extremely similar to the theme in Lord of the Flies, when a group of boys get violent on an island where no adults live. They both revolve around the theme of evil. Such as in both, the main characters/ character loose their innocence during the entrance to reality in the world and what it's all about. The difference although is the fact that a part of Rite of Passage deals with racism as its form of evil, whereas in Lord of the Flies, it's more about power or survival of the fittest and violence. "Somehow it feels better" Skinkie one of the black kids in Rite of passage said . When he spoke those words he was answering Johnny, the main characters question about mugging white people rather than black. "But the island was scorched up like dead wood-Simon was dead.." We see here, that at the end of the book, evil shows itself, as the way the boys finally leave the island.

Section -Development

Cheap University Papers on lord of flies

As said in section 1, evil, taking part as the theme in both of the novels, compare and contrast to each other in both of the books. A good way, in which I am able to explain this, is through two literary elements, such as character and setting. I've decided to chose Jack Merridew as my character from Lord of the Flies and Johnny Gibbs as the character in Rite of Passage. Jack Merridew is known as the chief of the leader on the island. Jack compares to Johnny in some ways but not all. Jack is described by Golding as tall, thin, and bony; and his hair was red beneath the black cap. His face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. Out of this face stared two light blue eyes, frustrated now, and turning, or ready to turn, to anger. Jack is the leading advocate of anarchy on the island. Jack is the leader of the savage tribe which hunts the pigs. He supports the notion that one's desires are most important and should be followed, regardless of reason or morals. Jack is the kind of person which Golding believed everyone would eventually become if left alone to set one's own standards and live the way one naturally wanted. Golding believed that the natural state of humans is chaos and that man is inherently evil. When reason is abandoned, only the strong survive. Jack personifies this idea perfectly. He is domineering and lacks restraint at times. He does have leadership; it's almost as if he is "power hungry". The conflict that arises between Jack, is with another character named Ralph, about who will be leader. Id say that in my opinion Jack is a dynamic character because the seeds of evil were always there to begin with. Even though he does in fact become as one would say "eviler", this is only but in degree not in kind. As for Jack's credibility, he could easily represent what a person could really be like. It's very credible for everyone to become savage, especially when freedom comes around.

Johnny Gibbs, is a 15 year old boy, he is black skinned, does well in school and is very well behaved. He is found to be a "good and happy boy" according to Wright. But this was only at the beginning, before Johnny had learned what was really out there, in the open world, where he was all alone. "The world was rosy and happy" Indeed, it was until the loss of his innocence while he lived on the streets after running away from home. This for one is something that compares to Lord of the Flies, when the boys received their freedom on the island. There are a couple of conflicts in this book, but the one that is most important to me would probably be the conflict between Johnny and himself. Whether or not he should let himself go and become some one else, whether or not he should let his evil take over and whether or not he should join some street friends and their acts of mugging and stealing In order to survive on the streets. This certainly contrasts with the conflicts in Lord of the Flies, where the conflict is mainly all the time between boys and their abuse with each other whether emotionally or physically. In my opinion, in contrast as well to Lord of the Flies, Johnny upholds a trait of being a static character. In the beginning of the book Johnny was in fact opposite what he had become in the end. Although evil lurks in every one of us from scratch, the change was so drastic that it makes us think this way about him. Finally, Johnny, in comparison with Jack, is also a credible character because this is something that can for sure happen in real life. Kid leaves home, lives on the street, and isn't sheltered anymore. The environment he is now in is going to change him. This happens in every day life, in the past in the present and will most likely happen as well in the future.

Secondly, the setting of any book is certainly very important. It makes us more involved in the book, as well as more aware of what's happening. It makes us feel like we are inside the book and it expands our imagination.

The setting in Lord of the Flies, of when the boys first arrived on the island, is a beautiful place, a paradise… that gave us the impression of silence, and peace. Just like in the beginning of Rite of Passage, When Wright says "About him the boys and girls whistled, jumping Jupiter, he was free till Monday" happy atmosphere equals enjoyable plot. Although later on in the book Lord of the Flies, Golding's whole "paradise" idea, gets destroyed into a disgusting a horrible dirty atmosphere. That was when things started to get worse and worse. "Then the clouds opened and let down the rain like a waterfall. The water bounded from the mountain top, tore leaves and branches from trees, poured like cold water over the struggling heap on the sand" This stormy weather was only a bit before the killing of Simon occurred. It is warning us and letting us know that something bad is going to happen.

Section -

As I finalize this report, I would like to say that I definitely found Goldings concept of evil more convincing, because in his novel its shows gradual change as the evil gets worse and worse until some body actually dies. Where as in Rite of Passage, the concept of evil is shown in a less obvious way such as racism on the streets, and stealing money or mugging people. Evil, in Lord of Flies is shown through out the who time, whether through emotional abuse , physical abuse or just violence. "Maybe it's just us.." one of the boys said. He was surely right. It was only them. It was them without rules.

After reading that book we should all be able to realize that with out rules and laws the evil inside all of us is bound to come out, the temptation is just too strong.

Please note that this sample paper on lord of flies is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on lord of flies, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on lord of flies will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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